Beyond ideology - a comparative analysis of how local governance can expand national integration policy: the case of Syrian refugees in Istanbul

ABSTRACT

Integration policy has been shown to have implications beyond acculturation and adaptation of refugees to the host society, extending to social cohesion and peaceful coexistence. While most studies focus on state-centred structural or ideological variables in explaining integration policy across countries, variation between local-level policy practices illustrate there is more to integration policy than national level-factors. Following the literature on the local turn in integration studies, the proposed study aims to look beyond the national level explanations and common accounts for local level variation, such as income level or ideological orientation. Instead, less investigated factors are identified based on two district municipalities of Istanbul (Sultanbeyli and Şişli) in an attempt to illustrate the multi-level character of their similar immigrant integration policies. Upon discussing the national and local policy contexts for refugee integration, policy processes of these two distinct municipalities will be unpacked to find what they have in common, using a ‘most different systems’ comparative design. Based on in-depth interviews with local-level policy actors, this study unveils potential reasons for their highly inclusive integration policy grounded in their multi-level networks.

KEYWORDS:

• Refugees
• integration
• multi-level governance
• Turkey
• public policy

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1 For different categories of international protection, see Law on Foreigners and International Protection (LFIP) No.6458.

2 Interviews, Ankara, February 2019.

3 Interviews, Ankara, March 2019.

4 See LFIP, Article 96.

5 Interview, DGMM, Ankara, March 2019.

6 Interview, Sultanbeyli Municipality, March 2019.

7 Interview, Şişli Municipality, April 2019.

8 Interview, Şişli Municipality, April 2019.

9 Interviews, Istanbul, March-April 2019. The fieldwork was conducted before the rerun of Istanbul’s local elections in June 2019, which resulted in CHP’s takeover of the metropolitan municipality. The election results did not change the party affiliations of Şişli and Sultanbeyli.

10 Interview, Istanbul, April 2019.

11 Interview, Istanbul, April 2019.

12 The full list of partners is available at: https://multeciler.org.tr/proje-ortaklarimiz/ (Last accessed 01.07.2020).

13 Interview, Şişli Municipality, April 2019.

14 Interviews, Istanbul and Ankara, February and March 2019.

15 Interview, Sultanbeyli Municipality, March 2019.

16 Ibid.

17 Interview, WALD- Şişli Community Centre, April 2019.

18 Interviews, Refugees and Asylum Seekers Assistance and Solidarity Association (RASAS), March 2019.

19 Interviews, Şişli Municipality, İstanbul, April 2019.

20 Interview, Istanbul March 2019.

21 Interview, Migrant Solidarity Association, April 2019.

22 Ibid.

23 Interview, Şişli Municipality, April 2019.

24 Interviews, Şişli Municipality, April 2019.

25 Interview, Migrant Solidarity Association, April 2019.

26 Interviews, Sultanbeyli Municipality, March 2019.

27 Ibid.

28 Interview, Istanbul, April 2019.

29 Interview, Migrant Solidarity Association, April 2019.

30 Ibid.

31 Interview, Sultanbeyli Municipality, March 2019.