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Original Articles

Associations of hallucination proneness with free-recall intrusions and response bias in a nonclinical sample

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Pages 847-854 | Received 17 Aug 2009, Accepted 28 Dec 2009, Published online: 06 Apr 2010
 

Abstract

Background: Hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia have been associated with a liberal response bias in signal detection and recognition tasks and with various types of source-memory error. We investigated the associations of hallucination proneness with free-recall intrusions and false recognitions of words in a nonclinical sample. Method: A total of 81 healthy individuals were administered a verbal memory task involving free recall and recognition of one nonorganizable and one semantically organizable list of words. Hallucination proneness was assessed by means of a self-rating scale. Results: Global hallucination proneness was associated with free-recall intrusions in the nonorganizable list and with a response bias reflecting tendency to make false recognitions of nontarget words in both types of list. The verbal hallucination score was associated with more intrusions and with a reduced tendency to make false recognitions of words. Conclusions: The associations between global hallucination proneness and two types of verbal memory error in a nonclinical sample corroborate those observed in patients with schizophrenia and suggest that common cognitive mechanisms underlie hallucinations in psychiatric and nonclinical individuals.

The authors thank Ludivine Grégoire and Olivia Martin for their help with data collection. There are no sources of financial support and no conflict of interest.

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