Characterization of memory profile in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder

ABSTRACT

Objective

The present study aims to examine whether declarative memory dysfunction relates to impaired core memory mechanisms or attentional and executive dysfunction in idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD).

Method

In this observational, cross-sectional study, were enrolled 82 individuals with the diagnosis of iRBD according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders and 49-matched healthy controls fulfilling inclusion criteria. All participants underwent two memory tasks, namely the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Memory Binding Test (MBT), which include conditions of varying degrees of dependence on executive functioning, as well as different indicators of core memory processes (e.g., learning, retention, relational binding).

Results

We used Bayesian multivariate generalized linear model analysis to evaluate the effect of iRBD on memory performance controlled for effects of age and sex. Individuals with iRBD displayed worse memory performance in the delayed free recall task (b = −0.37, 95% PPI [−0.69, −0.05]), but not on delayed recognition of the same material. Their performance in cued recall tasks both in immediate and delayed conditions was in comparison to controls relatively spared. Moreover, the deficit in delayed free recall was mediated by attention/processing speed.

Conclusions

In iRBD, we replicated findings of reduced free recall based on inefficient retrieval (retrieval deficit), which was small in terms of effect size. Importantly, the memory profile across measures does not support the presence of core memory dysfunction, such as poor learning, retention or associative binding.

Graphical abstract

KEYWORDS:

• iRBD (idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder)
• RBD (rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder)
• memory impairment
• free recall
• cued recall
• memory binding

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express thanks to patients and their families for their participation in the present research.

Disclosure statement

The authors have no financial conflict of interests related to the present research and have nothing to disclose.

Data availability statement

The data set associated with the paper is available at https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/LXJSNZ or can be requested by the Corresponding author.

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here

Additional information

Funding

Supported by the National Institute for Neurological Research, Czech Republic, Programme EXCELES, ID Project No. LX22NPO5107, funded by the European Union – Next Generation EU and also by the Charles University: Cooperatio Program in Neuroscience; Czech Ministry of Health, grant No. 15-25602A and NU21-04-00535.