Psychological Distress and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: The Mediating Roles of Rumination, Cognitive Reappraisal, and Expressive Suppression

Abstract

This study sought to explore the relationships between depression, anxiety, stress, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and the mediating roles of rumination and emotion regulation in this relationship. The sample comprised 1,586 Australian university students who completed a self-report questionnaire assessing the relevant variables. Of the sample, 8.9% engaged in NSSI in the 4 weeks prior to the survey. Depression, anxiety, and stress each exerted a direct effect on NSSI, and each relationship was mediated by cognitive reappraisal. The relationship between stress and NSSI was also mediated by expressive suppression. The results imply intervention efforts aimed at teaching adaptive emotion regulation strategies for students experiencing high levels of psychological distress may reduce the frequency of NSSI.

Keywords:

• emotion regulation
• psychological distress
• self-injury

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Sally Richmond

Sally Richmond, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.

Penelope Hasking

Penelope Hasking, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.

Rebecca Meaney

Rebecca Meaney, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.