Effects of body mass index and education on verbal and nonverbal memory

ABSTRACT

We previously reported that higher education protects against executive dysfunction related to higher body mass index (BMI) in younger, but not older, adults. We now extend the previous analyses to verbal and nonverbal memory. Fifty-nine healthy, dementia-free community-dwelling adults ranging in age from 18 to 81 years completed the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test – Revised (HVLT-R) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test – Revised (BVMT-R). Self-reported years of education served as a proxy for cognitive reserve. We found that more highly educated individuals maintained their BVMT-R immediate recall performance across the range of BMI, but in less educated individuals, higher BMI was associated with worse performance. Our findings suggest that education may play a protective role against BMI-related nonverbal learning deficits, similar to previous reports for verbal memory and executive functioning. Results highlight the importance of considering educational background when determining the risk for BMI-related cognitive impairment in clinical settings.

KEYWORDS:

• BMI
• cognitive reserve
• learning
• obesity
• cognitive deficit

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by an Age Related Memory Loss award from the McKnight Brain Research Foundation (VMD). VMD was partially supported by the UF Claude D. Pepper Center (NIA P30 AG028740-01). SMS is supported by a grant from the National Institute on Aging (T32AG020499-11). The authors thank Christopher Sozda, PhD for his assistance with data collection.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by an Age Related Memory Loss award from the McKnight Brain Research Foundation (VMD). VMD was partially supported by the UF Claude D. Pepper Center [NIA P30 AG028740-01]; SMS is supported by a grant from the National Institute on Aging [T32AG020499-11].