Noncredible Psychiatric and Cognitive Symptoms in a Workers' Compensation “Stress” Claim Sample

Abstract

Information is lacking regarding the prevalence of fraudulent psychiatric and cognitive symptoms in the “stress” claim workers' compensation population. Using various validity indices (Negative Impression Scale, the Malingering Index, and the Rogers Discriminant Function) of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), between 9 and 29% of 233 workers' compensation “stress” claim litigants were identified as exhibiting noncredible psychiatric symptoms. In addition, 15% of the subjects were determined to have noncredible cognitive symptoms on the Dot Counting Test, although only 8% displayed suspect effort on the 15-Item Memorization Test, with 5% of subjects failing both cognitive effort tests. The percentage of positive identifications on both a PAI and cognitive credibility index ranged from only 2 to 4%. Further, correlations between PAI validity indices and cognitive effort scales were nonexistent to modest, indicating that the psychiatric and cognitive credibility indices are measuring different aspects of noncredible symptom production. It was predicted that the PAI profiles of the participants displaying suspect cognitive symptoms would be elevated on the Somatic Concerns, Antisocial, and/or Borderline scales; however, elevations (relative to subjects with credible cognitive performance) were instead noted on the Somatic Concerns, Depression, Anxiety, Anxiety-Related Disorders, and Schizophrenia scales.

Notes

Note. N = 233; NIM = Negative Impression Scale; MAL = Malingering Index; RDF = Rogers Discriminant Function; DOT = Dot Counting Combination Score (mean ungrouped dot counting time + mean ungrouped dot counting time + number of errors); REY-15 = total score on 15-Item Memorization Test.

***p < .001.

Note. N = 233; NIM = Negative Impression Scale; MAL = Malingering Index; RDF = Rogers Discriminant Function; REY-15 = Total Score on 15-Item Memorization Test; DOT = Dot Counting Combination score (mean ungrouped dot counting time + mean grouped dot counting time + number of errors).

Note. N = 233; REY-15 = Total Score on 15-Item Memorization Test; DOT = Dot Counting Combination score (mean ungrouped dot counting time + mean grouped dot counting time + number of errors).

^a PAI Clinical Scales—scores are reported as T scores.

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p* < .001.

Note. N = 233; REY-15 = Total Score on 15-Item Memorization Test; DOT COUNT = Dot Counting Combination score (mean ungrouped dot counting time + mean grouped dot counting time + number of errors).

^a PAI Clinical Scales—scores are reported as T scores.

*p < .05; **p < .05.