The Chinese version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders: normative data of a Mandarin-speaking population

Abstract

Objective: The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders (BAC-A) is administered to assess the cognitive impairments in patients with affective disorders. This study aims to develop the normative data and to explore the factor structure of the Chinese version of the BAC-A in a Mandarin-speaking population. Method: This cross-sectional study consisted of 220 healthy participants (age range: 19–79 years; mean age: 51.5 ± 15.9 years, 48.2% male) in communities in Taiwan. We evaluated all participants with the BAC-A, which is a battery of tests containing verbal memory, working memory, motor speed, verbal fluency, attention & processing speed, and executive function, Affective Interference Test (AIT), Affective Interference Delayed Recognition Test (AIT-DR), and Emotional Inhibition Test (EIT). We categorized the means and standard deviations of all subtests by age group and gender. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine the factor structure of the BAC-A. Results: Increased age was significantly correlated with reduced performance in all subtests of the BAC-A, except non-affective correct words in the AIT-DR. Compared to females, males exhibited better performance in motor speed, verbal fluency, and executive function, but had worse performance in total non-affective words in the AIT. The results yielded by PCA showed that the indices of the AIT, AIT-DR, and EIT were all correctly categorized, accordingly. Conclusions: The normative data of the Chinese BAC-A established in this study can serve as a cognitive function reference for Mandarin-speaking populations. Nevertheless, the reliability and validity of the Chinese BAC-A need to be further verified.

Keywords:

• Neurocognitive test
• norm
• age
• sex
• mood disorder

Acknowledgments

The authors express their deepest gratitude to Professor Richard SE Keefe for granting permission to use the Chinese version of the BAC-A. The authors express their deepest gratitude to SM Wang for assisting the adaptation of the Chinese version of the BAC-A, and thank YF Lo and YS Lee for helping participant recruitment.