Telehealth diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder through clinical cases

Abstract

Objective

A diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) provides access to interventions that are important for fostering development and improving quality of life. Thus, the timeliness of a diagnosis should not be limited by social-distancing limitations whenever possible. Despite this, clear guidance for transitioning autism diagnostic services to a telehealth model of care in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic is lacking. At our Institute, we have adapted our approach to ASD evaluation to promote continued access to evaluation services during this unprecedented time. The purpose of this case series is to provide examples of three different approaches to ASD differential diagnostic services via telehealth that we have taken at our Institute.

Method

We illustrate our methods and clinical decision-making, based on patient characteristics and referral aims, in providing telehealth diagnostic services and discuss the advantages and limitations of telehealth utilization in the differential diagnosis of ASD.

Conclusions

At our Institute, telehealth services have provided an invaluable opportunity to continue to confirm (or rule out) an ASD diagnosis when appropriate to facilitate access to services during this time. Future research examining the utility of telehealth in the differential diagnosis of ASD is imperative given the potential advantages of telehealth services beyond the COVID-19 pandemic for some patients.

Keywords:

• Autism
• differential diagnosis
• telehealth
• neuropsychology
• COVID-19

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the children and families featured in this article as well as colleagues who provided clinical consultation. The authors also thank Patrick Fava for his support in Figure development.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.