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Abstract
This article investigates the impact that domain expertise has on risk assessment when analyzing uncertain geographical and sensor data. The differences between novice and expert air traffic operators were examined taking into account the performance of identifying and classifying threatening targets, the time needed to carry out such classifications, and the confidence reported for each decision. The results show that confidence was significantly higher for the expert group. This was supported by the after-test questionnaire because none of the novice participants reported being more confident with the visualizations of uncertainty provided. No significant differences regarding time and performance were found between the groups, even if experts needed, on average, more time to make a decision. Based on the collected logs, the experienced participants more often accessed the detailed information for each object presented by the tool tip. Both the time taken and the data accessed might indicate that experts had better situation awareness. Finally, the experts reported higher workload values related to performance.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Klas Wallenius and Kjell Davstad (Saab AB, Saab Security and Defense Solutions), Håkan Warston (Saab AB, Saab Electronic Defense Systems), Johan Svensson (Lv6, Halmstad) and the participants of the study for making our work possible.
Notes
1. Domain experts at Saab AB, Security and Defense Solutions, and Saab AB, Electronic Defense Systems prepared the data without our intervention.