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Notes
1 Making Parks Work: Strategies for Preserving Tropical Nature 5 (John Terborgh et al. eds., 2002).
2 United Nations Environment Program, Global Environment Outlook (2003). Table showing global protected area coverage also available at: http://www.unep.org/GEO/yearbook/107.htm
3 Victoria Edwards, Dealing in Diversity: America's Market for Nature Conservation 58 (1995).
4 Claudia Alderman, The Economics and Role of Privately Owned Lands Used for Nature Tourism, Education, and Conservation, in Protected Area Economics and Policy: Linking Conservation and Sustainable Development 273 (Mohan Munasinghe and Jeffrey McNeely, eds., 1994).
5 First World Conference on Parks 379 (Alexander Adams, ed., 1962).
6 Alderman, supra note 4, at 281.
7 Jeff Langholz, Privately Owned Parks,in Making Parks Work: Strategies for Preserving Tropical Nature 172, 180–81 (John Terborgh et al., eds., 2002).
8 Wolf Krug, Private Supply of Protected Land in southern Africa: A Review of Markets, Approaches, and Issues 36 (2001).
9 Jeff Langholz & James Lassoie, Perils and Promise of Privately Owned Protected Areas, 51 BioScience 1079, 1080 (2001). As noted in Appendix 1 infra, participants at the Durban WPC developed and approved a new definition: “A private protected area (PPA) refers to a land parcel of any size that is predominantly managed for biodiversity conservation, protected with or without formal government recognition, and is owned or otherwise secured by individuals, communities, corporations or non government organisations.”
10 Environmental Law Institute. Legal Tools and Incentives for Private Lands Conservation in Latin America: Building Models for Success (2003).
11 World Wildlife Fund. The Network of Private Nature Reserves: Strengthening Private Efforts in Conservation and Management of Natural Lands and Resources (Project Profile). 1, 2 (1997).
12 The VIth InterAmerican Congress on Private Conservation occurred in April 2004 in Santiago, Chile, hosted by the Comité Nacional pro Defensa de la Fauna y Flora (CODEFF), http://www.codeff.cl
14 Edwards, supra note 3, at 99.
15 Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Handbook of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2001).
16 Katrina Brandon, Ecotourism and Conservation: A Review of Key Issues (1996).
17 Langholz & Lassoie, supranote 9, at 1082.
18 Wolf Krug, Maximizing Sustainable National Benefits from Nature Tourism in Namibia (2002).
19 Jeff Langholz, James Lassoie, & John Schelhas, Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation: Lessons from Costa Rica's Private Wildlife Refuge Program, 14 Conservation Biology 1735, 1741–42.
20 Alderman, supra note 4, at 281.
21 Jeff Langholz. Economics, Objectives, and Success of Private Nature Reserves in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. 10 Conservation Biology 271, 276 (1996).
22 Id. at 276.
23 Alderman, supra note 4, at 279.
24 Alderman supra note 4, at 282.
25 Langholz, Lassoie & Schelhas, supra note 19, at 273.
26 Grazia Borrini-Feyerabend, Collaborative Management of Protected Areas: Tailoring the Approach to the Context 17 (1996).
27 Therese Brinkate, People and parks: Implications for sustainable development in the Thukela Biosphere Reserve. Presentation at The Sixth International Symposium on Society and Natural Resource Management. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University (1996).
28 Alderman, supra note 4, at 301.
29 Jeff Langholz & James Lassoie. Combining Conservation and Development on Private Lands: Lessons from Costa Rica 3 Environment, Development, and Sustainability 309, 316 (2002).
30 Protected Areas: Draft Decision Submitted by the Chair of Working Group 1 (20 Feb.). Seventh Ordinary Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity 9, 14, 16 (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 9–20 February 2004).
31 Randall Kramer, Jeff Langholz, & Nick Salafsky. The Role of the Private Sector in Protected Area Establishment and Management: A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Effectiveness, in Making Parks Work:Strategies for Preserving Tropical Nature 335, 337–38 (John Terborgh et al., eds., 2002).
32 Jeff Langholz et al., The Conventional Wisdom on Conservation Easements in Latin America. Unpublished report to the Tinker Foundation (2004).
33 Nick Salafsky et al., Improving the Practice of Conservation: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda for Conservation Science. 16 Conservation Biology 1469, 1480–82 (2002). For more information on learning portfolios, please see www.fosonline.org