Studies on formulation development and evaluation of tolnaftate-loaded glycerosomes

ABSTRACT

Purpose

The aim was to formulate and evaluate glycerosomes as novel carrier for dermal (trans) drug delivery systems (tDDDS).

Methods

Tolnaftate Loaded Glycerosomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique. The thin-film was hydrated using aqueous solution of glycerol (30 %v/v) against liposomes as control and were characterized.

Results

Glycerosome formulations were sphere-shaped with a mean diameter of 165.5 nm and narrow size distribution (P.I: 0.744). Zeta potential was –22.8mv indicating good stability. Tolnaftate loading capacity was found to be between 17.5±0.56 % and 91.32±0.57%. In-vitro permeation experiments showed an improved skin deposition and permeation of tolnaftate (5mg) when 30% glycerol, DSPC (100mg), cholesterol (25mg) content were used. Ex-vivo skin penetration studies showed an improved drug release than conventional liposomes and drug suspension. Skin irritancy studies on guinea pig showed no signs of toxicity.

Conclusion

Glycerosomes must be an ideal novel transdermal drug delivery system for the effective delivery of tolnaftate.

KEYWORDS:

• Tolnaftate
• transdermal
• class IV drug
• permeability
• in vitro
• glycerosomes

Acknowledgments

Thanks to College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, K.S.A and Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad for encouraging to carry out this research.

Author contribution

We declare that this work was done by the authors named in this article and all liabilities pertaining to claims relating to the content of this article will be borne by the authors.

Disclosure statement

Authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Yasmin Begum Mohammed

Dr.Yasmin Begum Mohammed is a doctorate in pharmaceutical sciences, currently holding position as an Assistant professor in College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. She is deeply committed in teaching and research of Bachelor and Master Programs in pharmacy from past 16 years. Her achievements include 32 research publications with good indexing and impact factor and 23 research presentations in national and international conferences. There are 3 books published for the international publishers and she bagged 3 times institutional level the best teacher award. Her research interests includes nanotechnology, transmembrane drug delivery systems, pharmacokinetics and bio-distribution. She is also serving as an editorial board member and reviewer for many reputed international and national journals.

Ali Alqahtani

Dr. Ali Alqahtani is an assistant professor in the Department of Pharmacology. He obtained his bachelor’s degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the College of Pharmacy at King Khalid University. Then, he obtained his master’s degree in Pharmacology and Toxicology from Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Science University in the United States of America. His PhD in Pharmacology was obtained from De Montfort University from the United Kingdom. Dr. Alqahtani published 4 research and review articles and 5 research articles are under review. Dr. Ali received two research grants from King Khalid University and De Montfort University.

Sai Lakshmi

Mrs.Sai Lakshmi is a Post Graduate in Pharmacy specialized in Pharmaceutics from Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Secunderabad, India currently working as a Research Analyst in Clarivate with an experience of three and half years.She is an expertise in business analytics and competitive intelligence with an experience in deals like License,  M&A, Joint Venture's,  Collaborations etc., by gathering the financial data from press releases for the deals/agreements between pharma/biotech companies and other organizations. She also has an hands on experience on gathering information on digital health, which refers to physical and psycho-socio  well-being  in a technological world to enhance the efficiency of healthcare delivery and make medicines more personalized and precise.

Kalimuthu Gnanaprakash

Dr. Kalimuthu Gnanaprakash is currently working as Professor in Department of Pharmaceutics, Saastra College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. He has completed B.Pharmacy and M.Pharmacy from Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Chennai and obtained Ph.D degree from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh. He is having 14 years of teaching and research experience in Pharmaceutical Sciences. He has guided more than 15 M.Pharm projects and published more than 60 review and research papers in reputed national and international journals. He has also presented 32 conference proceedings including two international presentations at Iran and Malaysia.

CT Kumarappan

CT Kumarappan, is an assistant professor of pharmacology and toxicology at the college of pharmacy, King Khalid University. He earned a bachelor’s degree in pharmacy and a master’s degree in pharmacology from Dr MGR Medical University and a doctorate in pharmacology from the Jadavpur University, Kolkata. He is the author/co-author of >60 research publications (>840 citations, Google Scholar). His current work examines the effect of polyphenol supplementation on High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) induced obesity, insulin resistance, liver dysfunction and hyperglycemia, the study of insulin signaling pathway associated genes, development and novel phytochemical therapies for glycemic control.