Examining the career dynamics of elite football referees: a unique identification profile

ABSTRACT

Research into the career dynamics of high-performance level match officials across sports is scarce. The present study analyses the career dynamics of elite football referees from childhood to the elite level, creating a context of life design and a pattern for identifying individuals with potential talent. Twelve international and elite football referees participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews utilizing narrative inquiry. Participants were asked to recall all football refereeing–related experiences associated with their life stories from childhood to obtaining their FIFA Elite Referee (FER) position. Data analysis indicated that there were two common discourses (early and later) in an elite football referees’ career which helped to shape their job role with increased meaningfulness, providing invaluable insights for reaching the FER position. The interviewees experienced specific on- and off-field, reactions during their career (early and late) in order to prepare themselves to face challenging and conflict-related situations in football refereeing. Based on career stages, types of job crafting, and job characteristic levels, we developed the unique career dynamic identification profile of elite football referees. Accordingly, we argue that a talented individual needs to undertake individual training and career-based goal setting in their early career, whilst later in their career the elite referees should move towards collective training and game-based goal setting. The paper discusses the wider implications of the research findings, including their transferability to other societal groups populations, such as public sportspeople, talented individuals, national football federations, referee departments, and concludes by considering suggestions for future research.

HIGHLIGHTS

• Explores elite football referees’ real-life stories through career dynamics perspective and narrative inquiry.

• Develops a unique career dynamics profile illustrating how potentially talented individuals can become elite football referees.

• Perception of job characteristics determines unique types of job crafting at early and later stages of career.

• Off-field experiences are linked to choosing and continuing careers, and job crafting behaviors of career-based goal setting and individual training in early careers.

• Later in career, both off- and on-field experiences help referees to undertake game-based goal setting and collective training to reach and remain at elite level.

Graphical Abstract

KEYWORDS:

• Sport officials
• career stages
• job crafting
• job characteristics
• life stories
• goal setting

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

The authors received no direct funding for this research.