A model of Occupational Presence

Abstract

This paper proposes that presence, a state of consciousness of “being there” exists through engagement in occupations. The development of presence is seen as a consequence of cognitive processes that play a mediating role on the sensory information experienced through the occupation. Factors such as predictability, dramatic involvement and level of interaction may be involved. The benefits derived from a sense of presence are thought to include motivation, satisfaction, self‐efficacy and enjoyment. A conceptual model is proposed that helps to illustrate these concepts. The model may be useful for analyzing daily occupations. Examples drawn from research undertaken with older adults who were engaged in virtual occupations begin the validation process of this model. Testable hypotheses derived from the model are discussed in relation to how they will advance knowledge of occupation.

Key Words:

• Environment
• Occupation
• Presence
• Engagement