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Feature Articles

Finding purpose through altruism: The potential of ‘doing for others’ during asylum

ORCID Icon
Pages 87-99 | Accepted 22 Aug 2017, Published online: 11 Sep 2017
 

ABSTRACT

Refugees are increasingly acknowledged as facing significant occupational injustice, and they experience multiple barriers to finding meaningful occupational opportunities. Occupation has enormous potential for enhancing the post migratory experience, but choice of occupation is important. People strive to move beyond simply ‘keeping busy’ to find occupations of real meaning that meet personal and cultural needs. This paper reports selected findings from a phenomenological study exploring the occupational experiences of people seeking asylum in the United Kingdom. Data were gathered through a series of in-depth interviews with 10 participants. The findings reveal that participants held a preference for altruistic occupations, where altruism is the principle or practice of doing for others, which was expressed through, or a motivation for, a range of occupations. These occupational choices were prompted by kinship, empathy, learned behaviour and moral principles. The occupations appeared to promote connectivity, positive sense of self and a connection between past and present occupations, called here ‘occupational constancy’. In seeking occupations rich with meaning and purpose, the drive to ‘do for others’ might provide individuals with opportunities to live well in the here and now, and rise above the hardship and marginalisation of asylum and forced migration. In conclusion, I assert that doing of others can be particularly meaningful, and may provide opportunities for personal, social and cultural rewards.

人们越来越多地认识到难民面临着严重的休闲不公,他们在寻找有意义的休闲机会时,遇到了多重障碍。休闲对于强化移民后的经历具有巨大的潜力,但是选择休闲很重要。人们努力超越单纯地“忙碌”,去寻找符合个人和文化需求的具有真正意义的休闲。本文选择性地报道了一项现象学研究中的一些结果。该研究探索了英国寻求庇护者的休闲经历。数据是通过对10位参与者的一系列深入访谈收集的。调查结果显示,参与者倾向于利他主义的休闲。在这样的活动中,利他主义指为别人做事的原则或实践,通过一系列休闲或者一系列休闲动机来表达出来的。这些休闲选择出自亲属关系、同理心、学习行为和道德原则。休闲似乎促进了联结性、积极的自我意识以及过去和现在的休闲之间的联系,这里称之为“休闲稳定性”。寻求富有意义和目的的休闲,“为别人做事”的动机可能为个人提供机会,在现时现地生活得更好,克服庇护及被迫迁徙带来的困难和边缘化。总之,我断言,别人做事可能有特别的意义,并且可能提供对个人、社会和文化回报的机会。

Cada vez más se reconoce que los refugiados enfrentan situaciones de injusticia ocupacional y que se les presentan barreras múltiples durante la búsqueda de ocupaciones significativas. Si bien las ocupaciones encierran un potencial enorme para mejorar la experiencia posmigratoria, el hecho de poder contar con opciones de trabajo también es importante. En este sentido, las personas procuran ir más allá de solo “mantenerse ocupadas” e intentan encontrar ocupaciones realmente significativas, que les permitan cumplir con necesidades personales y culturales. El presente artículo da cuenta de algunos hallazgos seleccionados surgidos de un estudio fenomenológico que examinó las experiencias ocupacionales de personas solicitantes de asilo en el Reino Unido. La información al respecto fue recabada a partir de la realización de una serie de entrevistas en profundidad a 10 participantes. Los hallazgos en este sentido revelan que los entrevistados prefieren desempeñar ocupaciones altruistas, entendiendo el altruismo como el principio o la práctica que contribuye a beneficiar a los demás y se manifiesta a través de, o mediante una, motivación que lleva a realizar una gama de ocupaciones. Las opciones ocupacionales son seleccionadas tomando en cuenta cuestiones de parentesco, empatía, comportamiento aprendido y principios morales. Las mismas parecen promover la conectividad, una conciencia positiva de sí mismo, al tiempo que muestran una conexión entre ocupaciones pasadas y actuales, llamada aquí “constancia ocupacional”. Encontrar ocupaciones rebosantes de sentido y propósito, hace que el impulso de “beneficiar a los demás” brinde oportunidades a los individuos de vivir bien en la actualidad, superando las dificultades y la marginación que implican el asilo y la migración forzosa. En conclusión, sostengo que las ocupaciones que contribuyen a beneficiar a los demás pueden ser especialmente significativas, pues es posible que brinden oportunidades de obtener retribuciones personales, sociales y culturales.

ORCID

Helen Claire Smith http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5937-2816

Notes

1. The principle of asylum is established in Article 1 of the 1951 Refugee Convention which states that a refugee is a person who “owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country” (UN General Assembly, Citation1951).

2. The term refugee is used through the document, regardless of the individual asylum status, in recognition of the experience of the individual, rather than their legal status.

3. The Hofstede cultural dimensions identify the UK as having a individualism score of 89, whereas their home nations range from 20 to 41 (Hofstede, Citation2010).

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