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Feature Articles

The relationship of leisure occupation, personality, and well-being: A comparison of model builders and visual artists

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 479-495 | Accepted 20 Jul 2020, Published online: 23 Sep 2020
 

ABSTRACT

The current study was designed to compare participants in two superficially similar leisure occupations: building scale models and creating visual art. A sample of 44 modelers and 44 artists was recruited from online sources and completed an online survey consisting of a measure of intrinsic motivation, two measures of personality, and several measures of well-being. Participants also answered several open-ended questions about their leisure occupation. The results indicated that modelers and artists often have very different motivations for engaging in similar behaviors. For example, both groups engage in research before beginning a project, but modelers do so to increase the accuracy of their model and artists to find details they can incorporate into their imaginal designs. Further, modelers were somewhat more intrinsically motivated than artists and were more satisfied with their lives. In contrast, the artists reported more symptoms of depression and they perceived themselves as more stressed than the modelers. There were also differences in personality: modelers scored higher on Holland’s (Citation1973, Citation1996) Realistic and Investigative types whereas the artists scored higher on Holland’s Artistic, Social, and Enterprising types and on the Big Five dimensions of Openness and Neuroticism. These results suggest that an individual’s choice of leisure occupation may influence well-being and that the choice of leisure occupation could be guided in part by personality tests, though further work is needed to identify all of the factors involved in the choice of leisure occupation and the influence of such occupations on well-being.

该研究旨在比较两项表面相似的休闲活动的参与者:建筑比例模型和创造视觉艺术。从在线资料中收纳了44位建模者和44位艺术家,并完成了一项在线调查,其中包括一项内在动机的度量,两项人格的度量以及一些幸福感的度量。参与者还回答了有关其休闲活动的几个开放性问题。结果表明,建模者和艺术家进行相似行为的动机往往非常不同。例如,两个小组在开始一个项目之前都要进行研究,但是建模者这样做是为了提高模型的准确性,而艺术家则是为了寻找可以融入到他们所想象的设计中的细节。此外,建模者比艺术家更具有内在动力,并且对生活更满意。相比之下,艺术家报告他们的抑郁症状更多,他们认为自己比建模者压力更大。个性方面也存在差异:建模者在Holland(1973,1996)的现实主义和调查性类型方面得分较高,而艺术家在Holland的艺术、社会和进取类型以及开放性和神经质五大维度上得分较高。这些结果表明,个人的休闲活动选择可能会影响幸福感,休闲活动的选择可以在一定程度上通过人性测验来指导,尽管还需要进一步的工作来确定影响参与休闲活动选择的所有因素以及这些活动对幸福感的影响。

El presente estudio se diseñó con el propósito de comparar a quienes participan en dos ocupaciones de ocio superficialmente similares: la construcción de modelos a escala y la creación de arte visual. Con base en este objetivo se reclutó una muestra de 44 modelistas y 44 artistas de fuentes en línea; estos completaron una encuesta, también en línea, que incluyó una medida de motivación intrínseca, dos medidas de personalidad y varias medidas de bienestar. Además, los participantes debieron responder varias preguntas abiertas sobre su ocupación de ocio. Los resultados de este ejercicio indicaron que, a menudo, modelistas y artistas tienen motivaciones muy diferentes para participar en comportamientos similares. Por ejemplo, aunque ambos grupos realizan investigaciones antes de comenzar un proyecto, los modelistas lo hacen para aumentar la precisión de su modelo y los artistas para encontrar detalles que puedan incorporar en sus diseños imaginarios. Asimismo, mientras los modelistas reportaron estar más motivados que los artistas intrínsecamente y expresaron más satisfacción con sus vidas, los artistas expresaron tener más síntomas de depresión, percibiéndose a sí mismos más estresados que los modelistas. Por otra parte, se detectaron diferencias percibidas en sus personalidades: los modelistas obtuvieron una puntuación más alta en los tipos Realista e Investigador de Holanda (1973, 1996), en tanto los artistas registraron una puntuación más alta en los tipos Artístico, Social y Emprendedor de Holanda y en las Cinco Grandes dimensiones de Apertura y Neuroticismo. Estos resultados sugieren que la elección de una ocupación de ocio por un individuo puede incidir en su bienestar y que, en parte, dicha elección podría estar guiada por aspectos de la personalidad, aunque es necesario seguir trabajando para identificar todos los factores que intervienen en la elección de la ocupación de ocio y la influencia que ejercen dichas ocupaciones en el bienestar.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Notes

1 It should be noted that a subscription to the magazine is not required for participation in the forum. Forum participants were recruited to broaden the genres of modeling included in the sample.

2 Out of an abundance of caution, the data were also analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U, which makes no distributional assumptions. Except for the Enterprising personality type, the pattern of results was the same as with the t-test.

3 One of those four responded ‘attack helicopter’ to the gender item, from an Internet meme that mocks non-binary gender identifications. This individual was the only one to use profanity in answers and scored 1.33 on the Agreeableness component of personality.

4 In Holland’s (Citation1973, Citation1996) theory, an individual is assumed to resemble each of the six personality types to some degree. In usual practice, only the three highest scores are examined.

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