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Occupational Terminology

Incarceration during a pandemic: A catalyst for extending the conceptual terrain of occupational deprivation

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Pages 430-440 | Accepted 27 Mar 2022, Published online: 28 Apr 2022
 

ABSTRACT

Previous occupational science and occupational therapy literature has framed the consequences of occupational deprivation in relation to its long-term health and societal effects; however, the COVID-19 pandemic has illuminated the swift and life-threatening repercussions of occupational deprivation and the structural factors that perpetuate it for marginalized populations. In this discussion paper, we show how the intentional design of prisons around occupational deprivation has made incarcerated individuals particularly vulnerable to infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that public health recommendations designed to control the spread of disease, which require people to adapt their occupations and engage in health preserving occupations, conflict with the structure of prisons. On that basis, we propose the need for a broader understanding of occupational deprivation and the life-threatening effects it can have. We further argue for an expansion of existing conceptualizations to consider the immediacy of the consequences of occupational deprivation. We suggest that this more comprehensive understanding will provide a stronger foundation and greater urgency for advocacy efforts aimed at making structural changes.

以往的生活活动科学和生活活动治疗文献已经概述了生活活动剥夺对长期健康和社会影响所带来的后果;然而,COVID-19 大流行揭示了生活活动剥夺的迅猛并危及生命的恶性影响,以及给边缘化人群带来长期影响的结构性因素。在这篇讨论文章中,我们揭示了为活动剥夺而设计的监狱如何使囚犯在 COVID-19 大流行期间特别容易受到感染。我们认为,旨在控制疾病传播的公共卫生建议要求人们调整自己的生活活动并从事保健活动。这种建议与监狱结构是相违背的。据此,我们建议需要更多地了解生活活动剥夺及其可能产生的危及生命的后果。我们进一步主张,扩展现有的概念以考虑生活活动剥夺后果的即时性。我们建议,这种更全面的理解将为旨在进行结构变革的宣传工作提供更坚实的基础和更大的紧迫性。

TITRE

L'incarcération pendant une pandémie : Un catalyseur pour étendre la conceptualisation de la privation occupationnelle

RÉSUMÉ

Les écrits publiés en sciences de l'occupation et en ergothérapie ont circonscrit les conséquences de la privation occupationnelle selon ses effets à long terme sur la santé et la société ; cependant, la pandémie de COVID-19 a mis en lumière les répercussions rapides et mortelles de la privation occupationnelle et les facteurs structurels qui les perpétuent chez les populations marginalisées. Dans ce texte de réflexion, nous nous appuyons sur des exemples de privation occupationnelle dans les centres de détention américains pendant la pandémie de COVID-19, démontrant comment l'aménagement qui favorise volontairement une privation occupationnelle a rendu les personnes incarcérées particulièrement vulnérables à l'infection durant la pandémie. Nous soutenons que les recommandations de santé publique conçues pour contrôler la propagation des maladies, qui exigent que les personnes adaptent leurs occupations et s'engagent dans des occupations protégeant la santé, entrent en conflit avec la structure des centres de détention. Sur cette base, nous proposons la nécessité d'une compréhension plus large de ce qu'est la privation occupationnelle et de ses effets potentiellement mortels. Nous plaidons également pour un élargissement des conceptualisations existantes, pour mieux considérer les conséquences immédiates de la privation occupationnelle. Nous suggérons que cette compréhension plus large offrira des assises plus solides et soulignera l'urgence de revendiquer des changements structurels.

Anteriormente, la literatura publicada sobre la ciencia y la terapia ocupacionales solía relacionar las consecuencias derivadas de la privación ocupacional con sus efectos sociales y en la salud a largo plazo. Sin embargo, la pandemia de la COVID-19 puso de manifiesto las repercusiones rápidas y potencialmente mortales asociadas a la privación ocupacional y los factores estructurales que la perpetúan para las poblaciones marginadas. En este artículo de debate mostramos cómo el diseño intencionado de las prisiones en torno a la privación ocupacional llevó a que los individuos encarcelados fueran especialmente vulnerables a la infección durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Argumentamos que las recomendaciones de salud pública diseñadas para controlar la propagación de la enfermedad, que aconsejan que las personas adapten sus ocupaciones y participen en aquellas que preservan la salud, entran en conflicto con la estructura de las prisiones. Ello hace necesario lograr una comprensión más amplia sobre la privación ocupacional y los efectos mortales que puede provocar. Además, abogamos por ampliar las conceptualizaciones existentes, de manera de considerar la inmediatez de las consecuencias de la privación ocupacional. Sostenemos que esta comprensión más amplia proporcionará una base más sólida y de mayor urgencia para el trabajo de incidencia encaminado a realizar cambios estructurales.

Land Acknowledgement

We honor the Tongva people as the traditional inhabitants of the lands on which the University of Southern California was built and pay our respects to elders past, present, and future in the City of Los Angeles and surrounding Southern California region.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1 Percentage calculated using data from sources referenced. An average total California state prison population was calculated, using the population on March 11, 2020 and June 16, 2021. Approximately 49,000 incarcerated individuals tested positive in an average population of 110,500.

2 Percentage calculated using data from sources referenced. Approximately 3.7 million cases of COVID-19 in the 39.5 million California residents (April 2020 census).

3 Percentage calculated using data from sources referenced. 28 deaths among incarcerated individuals in San Quentin State Prison, with a total prison population of approximately 3300 individuals.

4 Percentage calculated using data from sources referenced. An average total California state prison population was calculated, using the population on March 11, 2020 and June 16, 2021. 227 deaths among incarcerated individuals in California state prisons, with an average prison population of 110,500 individuals.

5 Percentage calculated using data from sources referenced. Approximately 63,000 individuals in California have died of COVID-19 (as of the end June 2021), using the April 2020 census with a total population of 39.5 million.

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