A Quadrilateral Shaped Fractal Slot Planar Antenna for Ultra-Wide Band Applications

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a low-profile quadrilateral-shaped fractal slot planar antenna using a novel fractal geometry where circular, triangular and regular hexagonal motifs are iterated to form antenna elements. It consists of a partial ground plane and a triangular fractal-shaped patch fed by a microstrip line having an I-shape rectangular slot to increase the bandwidth. A compact 32 × 22 mm² fractal antenna proposed here is investigated to evaluate its performance in ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The bandwidth of 15.5 GHz ranging from 3.57 GHz to 19.07 GHz with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2 in the entire operating band is achieved. Simulated values of realisable gain (6.8 dBi), impedance bandwidth (15.5 GHz), radiation efficiency (90%), radiation patterns and group delay evaluation indicate that the discussed antenna is favourable for UWB applications such as world interoperability microwave access, wireless local area network, 5 G, X-band, C-band, S-band and Ku-band. The proposed antenna is fabricated, and measured results are compared with simulated results as well as with those reported in the literature.

KEYWORDS:

• Fractal geometry
• microstrip antenna
• return loss
• ultra-wide band
• VSWR

Acknowledgments

All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Ranjeet Kumar

Mr. Ranjeet Kumar was born in Patna, India in 1989. He received B. Tech degree in Electronics & Communication Engineering from Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim, India, in 2012, and MTech in Electronics & Communication Engineering from BITM, West Bengal, India in 2014 and pursuing Ph.D. in Microwave Engineering from National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, India and has 3 years of teaching experience after M.Tech.

Rashmi Sinha

Dr. Rashmi Sinha was born in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India in 1972. She received the BSc (Engineering) degree in Electrical Engineering and MSc (Engineering) degree in Power Electronics in the years 1995 and 2003, respectively, from National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, India. She received her Ph.D. from National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur. She joined National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur as a Lecturer in 1997. Presently, she is an Associate Professor in the same institute. Her area of interest includes antenna design, array synthesis, microwave, metamaterial, and soft computing. Dr. Sinha has published 2 books, 4 book chapters, 10 papers in international conferences and 13 research articles in the Journal of repute. She has more than 22 years of teaching experience.

Arvind Choubey

Prof. Arvind Choubey was born in Bihar, India in 1958. He obtained B.Tech and MTech degree in Electrical Engineering from Bihar University, India and Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India respectively. He received Ph.D. degree from Ranchi University, Ranchi, India. He is a professor in the Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, India. Presently, he is Director of Indian Institute of Information Technology, Bhagalpur, India. He is a member of Executive Committee, AICTE, Govt. of India. Prof. Choubey is a project coordinator of System to Chip Design (C2SD) under MHRD project, Govt. of India. He is a Member, IEEE, USA and fellow Member of Institute of Engineers (FIE), India. He is also a life member of Indian Society for Technical Education (LISTE), India. He is board member of IIIT Allahabad, India. His main areas of research interest are communication systems, metamaterial, antenna, signal processing, and soft computing optimization techniques, and have published more than 60 papers in these areas and got several awards for outstanding publications. He is chairman and keynotes speaker at various international conferences.

Santosh Kumar Mahto

Dr. Santosh Kumar Mahto was born in Patna, India in 1985. He received the BTech degree in Electronics & Communication Engineering from National Institute of Science & Technology, Berhampur, India, in 2010, and the ME in wireless communication from BIT Mesra, Ranchi, India in 2012 and PhD in Microwave Engineering from National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, India in 2017. In 2017, he joined Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Ranchi, as a faculty. His current research interest includes microwave and millimeter wave antenna, array synthesis, soft computing, and electromagnetic wave absorbers. Dr. Mahto received International Travel Support grant from DST Govt. of India and MHRD Govt. of India scholarship received during his M.Tech & Ph.D. programs. Dr. Mahto has published 2 books, 4 book chapters, 10 papers in international conferences, and 14 research articles in the Journal of repute. He has more than 3 years of teaching experience