Radical histories of times of revolution and their legacies

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Notes

1. Mark Laird, ‘An August Domain: Gardening and Collecting in the Princesses’ Kew’, in Enlightened Princesses: Caroline, Augusta, Charlotte, and the Shaping of the Modern World, ed. Joanna Marschner (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2017), 157. See my forthcoming book, The Dominion of Flowers: Botanical Art and Global Plant Relations (Paul Mellon Center/Yale University Press, 2024) for a more sustained discussion of that gender bias.

2. https://ich.unesco.org/en/convention [accessed 7 February 2024]

3. https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/france-FR?info=elements-on-the-lists [accessed 7 February 2024]

4. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/83 [accessed 7 February 2024]

5. Patrice Higonnet, ‘Mique, The Architect of Royal Intimacy’, in Bourgeois and Aristocratic Cultural Encounters in Garden Art, 1550-1850, ed. Michel Conan, Dumbarton Oaks Colloquia in Landscape Architecture (Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks, 2002), 25-42.

6. Susan Taylor-Leduc, Marie-Antoinette’s Legacy: The Politics of French Garden Patronage and Picturesque Design, 1775-1867 (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2022), 71.

7. Mark Laird, ‘Lancelot Brown and the Pleasure Grounds of Luton Hoo and Wrest Park’, in Capability Brown: Perception and Response in a Global Context, Proceedings of an ICOMOS-UK Conference, Bath, 7-9 September 2016, Garden History, 44: Suppl. 1 (Autumn 2016), 39-50.

8. Laird, ‘August Domain’, 157.

9. Taylor-Leduc, Marie-Antoinette’s Legacy, 86.

10. Ibid., 87.

11. Ibid., 112.

12. Ibid., 124-5.

13. Ibid., 149.

14. Mark Laird, A Natural History of English Gardening, 1650-1800 (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2015), 383.

15. Taylor-Leduc, Marie-Antoinette’s Legacy, 171.

16. On returning from Elba, Napoleon has visited Malmaison as a place of pilgrimage and stayed there a few days before being exiled to the island of Saint-Helena. In 1861, Napoleon III set up the first museum of the Consulate in Malmaison. It closed in 1870. After many trials and tribulations and the breaking up of the estate in many smaller pieces, the château was donated to the State in 1904 by the philanthropist Daniel Osiris and was opened as a museum in 1906.

17. Taylor-Leduc, Marie-Antoinette’s Legacy, 269.

18. https://musees-nationaux-malmaison.fr/chateau-malmaison/musee-maisonbonaparte/en/agenda/evenement/malmaison-escale-aux-terres-australes [accessed 29 April 2024]. For a contextual discussion of art and restitution, see also Mark Laird, The Dominion of Flowers: Botanical Art and Global Plant Relations (Paul Mellon Centre, distributed through Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2024), pages to come.

19. Therese O’Malley, Keywords in American Landscape Design (Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, in association with Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2010), 239.

20. Finola O’Kane, Landscape Design & Revolution in Ireland and the United States, 1688-1815 (Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art, Distributed by Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2023), 87.

21. Ibid., 99.

22. Ibid., 122-23.

23. Ibid., 129.

24. Ibid., 130.

25. Ibid.

26. Stella Tillyard, Aristocrats: Caroline, Emily, Louisa and Sarah Lennox 1740-1832 (London: Chatto & Windus Ltd, 1994; published as a paperback by Vintage, London, 1995), pp. 394-5.

27. O’Kane, Landscape Design, p. 123.

28. Ibid., p. 43.

29. Ibid., p. 182.

30. Ibid., p. 3.

31. Ibid., 183.

32. Ibid., 183.

33. Ibid., 215.

34. Ibid., 182.

35. Taylor-Leduc, Marie-Antoinette’s Legacy, 310.

36. See Edward Eigen and Charles Waldheim, guest editors, ‘special issue on landscape architecture’, Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes, 34/3 (July-September 2014).