Running around in circles? The cyclical relationship between Turkey and the European Union

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Notes

¹ S. Krauss, ‘The European Parliament in EU external relations: the customs union with Turkey’, European Foreign Affairs Review, 5, 2000, pp. 215–237.

² Amendments made in 1997 to Sections 141, 142 and 163 and in 1999 to Sections 243, 245 and 354.

³ Keynote speech by Minister of the Economy Ali Babacan at an informal EU–Turkey Brainstorming meeting organized by the EUI and Sabanci University, European University Institute, Florence, 6–7 May 2004.

⁴ G. Sak, ‘Turkey's transformation process and the risk of an anti-EU backlash’, paper presented at ‘The Bosphorus Conference’, British Council/Centre for European Reform, Istanbul, 14–15 October 2005.

⁵ Eurobarometer 65, European Commission, Spring 2006. Available at < http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb65/eb65_tr_exec.pdf> (accessed December 2006).

⁶ K. Barysch, The Economics of Turkish Accession, Centre for European Reform, London, 2005.

⁷ A. Guney, ‘The military politics and post cold war dilemmas in Turkey’, in K. Koonings and D. Kruijt (eds), Political Armies, the Military and Nation Building in the Age of Democracy, Zed Books, New York, 2002, p. 166.

⁸ On the Turkish military see G. Jenkins, Context and Circumstance: The Turkish Military and Politics, Adelphi Paper 337, IISS (International Institute for Security Studies), London, 2001.

⁹ Leyla Şahin v. Turkey, Application No. 44774/98, 10 November 2005.

¹⁰ I. N. Grigoriadis, Upsurge amidst Political Uncertainty: Nationalism in Post-2004 Turkey, SWP (Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik) Research Paper 2006/RP 11, October 2006.