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ABSTRACT
Destination planning raises questions relative to spatial organization within the destination and to the spatial extent of the gains generated by attractions. Thus, it is important to increase understanding and knowledge of the mechanisms by which attractions generate tourism development. The aim of this study is to analyze how tourist attractions influence tourism development within destination and what the spatial extent of this influence is. It is argued that both the appeal of tourist attractions and their spatial characteristics are determining factors. Thus, distinguishing local, spread, and diffuse attractions is essential and specific indicators were created to that purpose. Using count data models, an econometric analysis was conducted in order to test the effect of attractions on the number of hotel rooms in 2015 on the one hand, and on the number of employees in the tourism sector in 2014 on the other, in French municipalities. The study brings several original results. First, as in the case of green areas, some attractions may trigger the emergence of tourism development but may also have a depressive effect on the level of tourism development when they exceed a certain threshold. Second, the influence of sport and leisure facilities is more limited in space than for ski slopes, beaches and tourist sites, which confirms that the appeal of attractions determine the spatial extent of tourism development. Third, beyond a distance threshold, some attractions can generate negative spatial spillovers and have a depressive effect on tourism development.
摘要
目的地规划提出目的地空间组织和吸引物收益的空间范围问题。因此, 扩大对吸引物驱动旅游发展运作机制的了解及有关这方面的知识是非常重要的。本研究的目的是分析旅游吸引物影响旅游发展的机制以及这种影响的空间范围。研究认为, 旅游吸引物的吸引力及其空间分布特征都是旅游发展的决定因素。因此, 有必要设计具体的指标区分当地独特旅游吸引物和广泛分布的旅游吸引物。本研究运用计数数据模型进行了一项计量经济分析, 研究了法国各自治区旅游吸引物对 2015 年客房数量的影响和对 2014 年旅游部门雇员数量的影响。研究得出几个新奇的发现༚第一, 就绿地地区来说, 某些旅游吸引物可能会推动旅游发展, 但当旅游吸引物超过某一范围后, 也可能会抑制旅游发展的水平。第二, 运动休闲设施在空间的影响比滑雪斜坡、海岸和旅游区更有限, 这证实了旅游吸引物 吸引力决定了旅游发展的空间范围。第三, 超过某一距离范围, 某些吸引物会产生消极性的空间溢出并且对旅游发展有抑制效果。
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Mohamed Hilal for his helpful advice on the construction of variables drawn from the BD-Carthage database, Nadia Guiffant, Frédéric Bray and Geneviève Brétière for their assistance in data collection and in the construction of different variables and Sandrine Lagoutte for her assistance in the design of the figures. The authors would also like to thank the reviewers for their useful comments and suggestions.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Stéphanie Truchet
Stéphanie Truchet, researcher at Irstea-UMR-1273-Metafort. She holds a Ph.D. degree in economics. She works in the areas of tourism economics, regional economics, and spatial economics. Her research focuses on tourism development and on rural development issues.
Virginie Piguet
Virginie Piguet is a statistician at CESAER-AgroSup Dijon-INRA-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon.
Francis Aubert
Francis Aubert is professor in economics at CESAER-AgroSup Dijon-INRA-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, and head of Humanities Center at the University of Burgundy, Dijon. Research interests: location of rural non-farm activities, place-based policies, and spatial planning in a rural context.
Jean-Marc Callois
Jean-Marc Callois holds a Ph.D. degree in economics. His main focus of research is the interaction between sociological, institutional, and economic mechanisms. He has published several articles on the respective role of market and non-market factors in regional development.