http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9810-9922
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Abstract
Tourism development has often been identified as a tool for balancing negative effects of economic restructuring, especially in peripheral regions. Tourism-based activities often utilize the availability of abundant nature, but although most English language studies of destination development are presented from western contexts, examples from post-Soviet Russia are rare. Western Siberia is a periphery with access to natural resources and heavy industrialization but remotely located from domestic (Russian) and international markets, where tourism is often considered a saviour, especially for the regional economies. Stakeholders in this Russian resource periphery face challenges in managing governance and cooperation in destinations development due to frequent institutional, economic and social changes. Using evolutionary economic geography and based on primary sources and interview data, tourism development and stakeholder relations are assessed in three Western Siberia regions: Tomsk, Kemerovo and Altai Krai. Findings show that for tourism to make a significant contribution, it must be more central to the economic development agenda in all three regions. However, it is currently only achieving a permanent high-profile in one of them, being crowded out by other (mostly primary) industries in the other two. Although the specific tourism governance set-up varies between the three regions, it is clear that public tourism governance still sits somewhat uneasily between state control and the market economy. Tourism receives substantial public subsidies, especially in large-scale investment projects, which depend on federal support within a governance system where decentralization seems to be somewhat limited and unstable. As a result, the tourism path development in the Siberian periphery is highly dependent on state intervention and success in other sectors.
摘要：
旅游发展经常被认为是平衡经济结构重构消极影响的工具, 特别是在偏远地区, 以旅游为基础的活动往往利用当地丰富的自然资源。大多数目的地发展的英语文献都是基于西方背景提出, 来自后苏联时代俄罗斯的例子并不多见。西伯利亚是一个拥有自然资源和过度工业化的偏远地区, 距离俄罗斯国内和国际市场都很遥远, 那里的旅游业通常被认为是一个救星, 尤其是对区域经济而言。由于频繁的体制、经济和社会变化, 俄罗斯这个资源丰富的偏远地区, 其利益相关者在经营目的地发展的管制和合作方面面临挑战。本研究采用演化经济地理学方法, 基于一手资料和访谈数据, 评估了西伯利亚西部三个地区（托木斯克、克麦罗沃和阿尔泰克拉伊）旅游发展和利益相关者之间的关系。结果显示, 旅游业要作出重大贡献, 就必须在这三个地区的经济发展议程中发挥更核心的作用。然而, 它目前只在其中一个行业获得了永久的知名度, 被其他两个行业(主要是初级行业)挤出市场。尽管这三个地区具体的旅游治理结构各不相同, 但很明显, 公共旅游治理在国家控制和市场经济之间仍然存在一定的不确定性。旅游业得到大量的公共补贴, 特别是在大规模投资项目中, 这些项目依赖于管制制度内的联邦支持, 在该管制制度下权力下放似乎有些有限并且不稳定的。因此, 西伯利亚周边的旅游发展路径高度依赖于国家干预和其他部门的成功。
Acknowledgements
The research reported in this article has been produced as part of TOULL – Tourism and Life-long Learning project (grant number 530750-2015-DK-JPHES) sponsored by the EU Tempus programme. For more information on TOULL, see http://www.tempus-tourism.aau.dk. The authors are grateful for inputs and comments from the other members of the TOULL consortium throughout the project. In particular, we would like to thank Constantia Anastasiadou, Edinburgh Napier University, UK; Alexander Dunets, Altai State Technical University, Russia; Anna Surtseva and Yuliya Gizey, Kemerovo State University, Russia; Natalia Kolodiy, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia; Angela Benson, Brighton University, UK; Terry Brathwaite, Coventry University, UK; and Michael Mair, FHWien University of Applied Science, Austria.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interests was reported by the authors.
Notes on contributors
Henrik Halkier is professor of Tourism and Regional Development and Dean of the Faculty of Humanities at Aalborg University, Denmark. His research interests includes destination development and governance, tourism policy, and food tourism.
Dieter K. Müller is professor of Social and Economic Geography, Umeå University, and the currently the chairperson of the International Geographical Union Commission for the Geography of Tourism, Leisure and Global Change. Besides interests in second homes and mobilities, he has conducted research on the nexus of tourism and regional development in northern and peripheral regions.
Natalia Goncharova, PhD, is an associate professor at the School of Core Engineering Education, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia. Her research interests include Destination Management, Public Engagement in Urban Planning, Inclusive Education, Sustainable Smart Citis and Living Labs.
Liliya Kiriyanova is Vice-Rector for external affairs and associate professor at the School of Engineering Entrepreneurship at Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia. Her research focuses on destination marketing and marketing of state initiatives and programs.
Irina A. Kolupanova is PhD in Russian history and currently works as an associate professor at the Department of International Economic Relations at Polzunov Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia. She is the director of Regional Center for International Cooperation of West-Siberian Universities and head of the Tempus Tourism Resource Center “Tempus. Her research interests include, international cooperation, and international education.
Konstantin Yumatov is an associate professor at the Department of World History and Socio-Political Sciences, Kemerovo State University (Russia). He is the head of Kemerovo region Tourism Resource Centre established within the Tempus TOULL project and a member of the Public Council on Tourism supervised by the Governor of Kemerovo Region. His research focuses on the history and current state of the tourism industry of Russia, in particular the Siberian regions, as well as the EU tourism industry experience as a possible source of inspiration for Russia.
Nataliya Yakimova is an assistant professor at the Department of Foreign Languages in Professional Communications, Kemerovo State University, Russia, and a master’s degree student in the Institute of Economics and Management at the same university. Her research focuses on the problems of training staff for the tourism industry, including foreign language training, and the operation of small-scale enterprises in the regional tourism markets.