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Abstract
According to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (Citation2005), Ecosystem Services are divided into four main categories: supporting, regulating, provisioning, and cultural services. The Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) represent the physical, intellectual, and spiritual interactions with ecosystems and land/seascapes. The current work aims to strengthen the links between CES and Tourism, by presenting how the conceptualization of CES can contribute to researching landscapes. A sample of 876 questionnaire respondents in six different types of landscape revealed that the CES conceptualization could provide a useful framework for understanding visitor perceptions and experiences of landscapes. Furthermore, the study showed that CES categories are very closely interconnected and an integrated approach is recommended for all landscape planning. This knowledge is essential to place making, which incorporates elements of meaning-making and attachment, as well as place identity, continuity, and dependency.
摘要
根据《千禧年生态系统评估》(2005)框架, 生态系统服务分为四大类:支持服务、调节服务、供给服务和文化服务。文化生态系统服务(CES)代表了与生态系统和陆地/海洋景观自然、智力和精神的互动。该研究通过展示文化生态系统服务的构想如何有助于研究景观, 旨在加强文化生态系统服务与旅游业之间的联系。本研究对6种不同类型景观采集了876份问卷调查样本。本研究揭示出, 文化生态系统服务概念可以为理解游客对景观的感知和体验提供一个有用的框架。此外, 研究表明, 文化生态系统服务种类之间的联系非常紧密, 因此建议对所有景观规划采用综合方法。这一知识对于场所营造至关重要, 因为它包含了意义营造和依附的要素, 以及场所认同、场所连续性和场所依赖。
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to acknowledge and thank the participants of Working Group 1 in the EU-funded COST project Tourism, Wellbeing and Ecosystem Services (TObeWELL ISCH COST Action IS1204) for their role in this research.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Correction Statement
This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Yael Ram
Dr. Yael Ram is a Senior Lecturer in tourism at Ashkelon Academic College. Her interests include psychological and environmental aspects of tourism. She is the lead author of the Cultural Ecosystem Services chapter of the Israeli Ecosystem Services Assessment project, and participated in the COST project: Tourism, Wellbeing and Ecosystem Services (TObeWELL ISCH COST Action IS1204).
Melanie Kay Smith
Dr. Melanie Kay Smith is an Associate Professor at Budapest Metropolitan University and at the University of Tartu Pärnu College, Estonia (part-time) and a researcher at the Institute for Sociology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Her interests include cultural tourism, health tourism, and wellbeing. She was Chair of Working Group 1 for the COST project: Tourism, Wellbeing and Ecosystem Services (TObeWELL ISCH COST Action IS1204).