Has gender mainstreaming failed?

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Notes

1. The article draws on four recently completed working papers on gender mainstreaming (see Moser 2004, 2005; Moser and Moser 2003; Moser et al. 2004). I would like to acknowledge the collaboration of Annalise Moser, the contribution of Olivia M'Chaju-Liwewe and Naomi Ngwira and the support of Carolyn Hannan.

2. In the case of DFID the fact that the overall objective of the Target Strategy Paper was to make the case for women's empowerment means that the critical goals, objectives and strategies of gender equality are lost in the depth of the document and only mentioned on page 30 (DFID 2000).

3. The collection of essays on ‘Repositioning Feminisms in Development’ provides one such recent example (see IDS 2004).

4. See for instance Sida (Mikkelsen et al. 2002) and the Danish International Development Agency (Danida) (2000), and international NGOs such as Hivos (2001), UNIAMWGE (2001) and ACORD (Hadjipateras 1997).