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ABSTRACT
The white flower trait in Chrysanthemum is attributed to the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4a gene (CCD4a), a key domestication gene that contributed to generation of various flower colours in modern chrysanthemum cultivars. This trait is believed to be controlled by a single dominant locus. We studied the structure of this CCD4a locus utilising the whole genome sequence information of Chrysanthemum makinoi, a diploid white flower species, and found six homologous sequences of CCD4a, two of which being functional, and arranged in tandem in a 586-kb region on Chromosome 7. A qPCR analysis disclosed that white flower Chrysanthemum species possess at least two and as many as eight copies of CCD4a homologous sequences per monoploid genome, indicating high polymorphism of the CCD4a region. A detailed analysis of the structural diversity of the CCD4a region in Chrysanthemum could provide significant insights into the domestication trajectory of the cultivated chrysanthemum.
Acknowledgements
We thank Asako Hisamura at Nagasaki Agriculture & Forestry Technical Development Center for providing Nagasaki SWC1 and Nagasaki SYC1 strains, Takeo Shimizu at Katsura High School for providing HW2 and HW2-C4-1 strains, and Yokohama Kikkakai for providing traditional Japanese chrysanthemum cultivars. We thank Yumi Nagashima and Eriko Kaneda for their technical support. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI under Grants [26292014] to M.S and [24H00513] to M.K, and TKI-T&U project [LWV22014] to P.A.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data availability statement
Data will be made available upon request from M.K.
Supplementary material
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2024.2371596