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ABSTRACT
This paper is about Jewish experiences of marriage/partnership, family, and love, as much as it is about doing being Jewish, feeling Jewish, and expressing (Jewish) agency in post-1945 Germany. While ‘families’ are often approached in terms of social structures in social theory, this paper seeks to relate the experiences of Jews and their partnership/marriage and family forms to the broad concepts of love, agency, personality, and negotiations of Jewishness in the everyday.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
1. It is more accurate to speak of ‘reported’ intermarriages based on romantic love between marriage partners of discrete ingroups, as personal identity had become individualised increasingly since the French revolution. Interpartnerships/marriages/families are as old as humanity as the mere fact that homo sapiens carries Neanderthal DNA evidences; interpartnerships/intermarriages could also be the result of warfare, displacement, or conquest.
2. Eva Lezzi, »Liebe ist meine Religion!« Eros und Ehe zwischen Juden und Christen in der Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts (Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2013).
3. This trend should not deflect from empirical data sets that evidence that individuals who have free choice of life and marriage partners most open engage in homophilous partnerships/marriages. Homophily, which can be translated into ‘like attracts alike’ is a key component of social networks; J. Miller McPherson, Lynn Smith-Lovin and James Cook, “Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks,” Annual Review of Sociology 27, (2001): 415–444, and the closer relationships the more similar the individuals (ibid.). This phenomenon does not stop short at interpartnerships/intermarriages: the individuals are similar in terms of values and the ‘inter’ hinges on a category such as citizenship, ethnicity, or religion. ‘Inter’ might cloud more than it reveals on a personal level while it gives insights into gate keeping mechanisms, and social/legal ordering principles.
4. John C. Torpey, The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship, and the State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
5. Louis Berman, Jews and Intermarriage: A Study of Personality (New York: T. Yosselson, 1968); Amélie Oksenberg Rorty, The Identities of Persons (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1976).
6. Michael Brenner, “East European and German Jews in Postwar Germany,” in Y. Michal Bodeman ed., Jews, Germans, Memory: Reconstructions of Jewish Life in Germany (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996): 49–64; Atina Grossmann, Jews, Germans and Allies: Close Encounters in Occupied Germany (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007); Kurt Grünberg, “Bedrohung durch Normalität,“ in W. Soellner, W. Wesiack and B. Wurm eds., Sozio-Psycho-Somatik: Gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen und psychosomatische Medizin (Hamburg: Springer Verlag, 1989): 127–134; Kurt Grünberg, “Contaminated Generativity: Holocaust Survivors and their Children in Germany,” The American Journal of Psychoanalysis 67 (2007): 82–97; Kurt Grünberg, Liebe nach Auschwitz: Die Zweite Generation (Frankfurt/Main: Sigmund-Freud-Institut, 2000); Lena Inowlocki, “Normalität als Kunstgriff. Zur Traditionsvermittlung jüdischer DP-Familien in Deutschland,“ Fritz Bauer Institut, ed., Jahrbuch des Fritz Bauer Instituts: Überlebt und Unterwegs. Jüdische Displaced Persons in Nachkriegsdeutschland (Frankfurt/M: Campus, 1997): 267–288; Dani Kranz, “Jewish Families, Jews and their Families, Jews in Families in Germany After 1945: Families, Memories, Boundaries, and Love,” Harriet Hartman, ed., Jewish Family Life: An International Comparative Perspective (Zug, CH: Springer, in print); Lynn Rapaport, Jews and Germans after the Holocaust (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997); Ina Schaum, “Love Will Bring Us Together (Again)? Nachwirkungen der Shoah in Liebesbeziehungen,” Marina Chernivsky and Friederike Lorenz, ed., Weitergaben und Wirkungen der Shoah in Erziehungs- und Bildungsverhältnissen der Gegenwartsgesellschaft (Leverkusen: Verlag Barbara Budrich, 2022), 139–154; Ina Schaum, Being Jewish (and) in Love: Two and a Half Stories about Jews, Germans and Love (Berlin: Hentrich & Hentrich, 2020).
7. Paul Heelas, Scott Lash and Paul Morris, eds., Detraditionalization: Critical Reflections on Authority and Identity (London: Blackwell, 1996); Parveez Mody, “Intimacy and the Politics of Love,” Annu. Rev. Anthropology 51 (2022): 271–288; Schaum, Being Jewish (and) in Love.
8. Due to a lack of historical sources, and available data for the period before my own fieldwork (from 2002) this paper focuses on heterosexual intimacy, couple and family constellations.
9. Kranz, “Jewish Families.”
10. Mody, “Intimacy and the Politics of Love.”
11. Rosemarie Nave-Herz, Die Ehe in Deutschland: Eine soziologische Analyse über Wandel, Kontinuität und Zukunft (Leverkusen: Verlag Barbara Budrich, 2022); Nave-Herz focusses on marriages, I would argue the same applies to non-married couples.
12. Mody, “Intimacy and the Politics of Love”; Schaum, Being Jewish (and) in Love.
13. Lena Inowlocki, “Doing Being Jewish: Constitution of Normality in Families of Jewish Displaced Persons in Germany,” Roswitha Breckner, Devorah Kalekin-Fishman and Ingrid Miethe, eds., Biographies and the Division of Europe. Experience, Action and Change on the Eastern Side (Opladen: Leske + Budrich, 2000): 159–178; Dani Kranz, Shades of Jewishness: The Creation and Maintenance of a Jewish Community in Post-Shoah Germany (University of St Andrews: St Andrews, 2009), Open Access: https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/handle/10023/872, last accessed May 19, 2022; Schaum, Being Jewish (and) in Love; Schaum, “Love Will Bring Us Together (Again)? Nachwirkungen der Shoah in Liebesbeziehungen”; Dani Kranz, “(Friendly) Strangers in Their Own Land No More: Third Generation Jews and Socio-Political Activism in the Present in Germany,” Catherine Bartlett and Joachim Schlör, eds., The Stranger in Early Modern and Modern Jewish Tradition (Amsterdam: Brill, 2021): 96–116; Dani Kranz, “The Dynamics of Jewish Space(s): Jewish Agency, Individual, Collective and the Creating, Maintenance of Discarding of Jewish Dominated Jewish Spaces in Cologne,” Katrin Keßler, Sarah Roß und Lea Weik, eds., Jewish Life and Culture in Germany after 1945 – Sacred Spaces, Objects and Musical Traditions (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2022): 85–109.
14. Rorty, The Identities of Persons.
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19. Anthony D. Kauders, Unmögliche Heimat (Munich: dtv, 2007), 14.
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21. Schaum, Being Jewish (and) in Love.
22. Claude Lévi-Strauss, Le totémisme aujourd’hui (Paris: Presses Universitaire de France, 1962), 89.
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26. Sarah M. Ross and Dani Kranz, “Jüdisches Kulturerbe versus Jewish Heritage und jüdische Intergenerativität,“ Online-Dossier Jüdisches Leben in Deutschland – Vergangenheit und Gegenwart (Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung: Bonn, 2023), https://www.bpb.de/themen/zeit-kulturgeschichte/juedischesleben/515818/juedisches-kulturerbe-versus-jewish-heritage/
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29. Yael Navaro, “The Aftermath of Mass Violence: A Negative Methodology,” Annual Review of Anthropology 49 (2020): 161–173.
30. Dani Kranz, “Navigating Mythical Time: Israeli Jewish Migrants and the Identity Play of Mirrors,” Gideon Reuveni and Diana Franklin, eds., The Future of the German Jewish Past: Festschrift of the Centre of German-Jewish Studies of the University of Sussex (West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 2019): 163–176.
31. Kranz, “Thinking Big.”
32. Y. Michal Bodemann, Gedächtnistheater: Die jüdische Gemeinschaft und ihre Deutsche Erfindung (Hamburg: Rotbuch Verlag, 1996): Jael Geis, “Gehen oder Bleiben? Der Mythos von der ‘Liquidationsgemeinde’“, in Y. Michel Bodeman ed., Gedächtnistheater: Die jüdische Gemeinschaft und ihre Deutsche Erfindung (Hamburg: Rotbuch Verlag, 1996): 55–79.
33. Bodemann, Gedächtnistheater; Kranz, “Gegenwartstheater.“
34. Irit Dekel, “Philosemitism in Contemporary German Media,” Media, Culture & Society, 44, no 4 (2022): 746–763; Björn Krondorfer, “Theological Innocence and Family History in the Land of Perpetrators: German Theologians after the Shoah,” The Harvard Theological Review 97 no. 1 (2004): 61–82; Anthony D. Kauders, “West German Jewry: Guilt, Power, and Pluralism,” Quest. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History. Journal of Fondazione CDEC, 1, (2010): 15–33.
35. Kauders, Unmögliche Heimat.
36. Anthony D. Kauders, “History as censure: Repression and philo-semitism in postwar Germany,” History and Memory, 15 no. 1 (2003): 97–122; Peter Longerich, “Davon haben wir nichts gewusst!”: Die Deutschen und die Judenverfolgung 1933–1945 (Munich: Siedler, 2006).
37. Samuel Salzborn, Antisemitismus als negative Leitidee der Moderne: Sozialwissenschaftliche Theorien im Vergleich (Frankfurt am Main: Campus, 2010); Samuel Salzborn, Antisemitismustheorien (Springer VS: Wiesbaden, 2022).
38. CST, Antisemitic Incidecents 2023, https://cst.org.uk/public/data/file/9/f/Antisemitic_Incidents_Report_2023.pdf; RIAS, Monitoring: Anlassbezogene Übersichten und Ergebnisse aus Beobachtungen, https://report-antisemitism.de/monitoring/
39. Hadnet Tesfai, “Die unsäglichen “Ja-aber-Debatten” ertrage ich nicht mehr”, rbb Kultur – das Magazin, November 27, 2023, https://www.rbb24.de/kultur/beitrag/2023/11/konzert-solidaritaet-israel-igor-levit-berlin-ensemble-antisemitismus-michel-friedman-interview.html; CST, Antisemitic Incidecents 2023; RIAS, Monitoring: Anlassbezogene Übersichten und Ergebnisse aus Beobachtungen.
40. Marc-Julien Heinsch, “Einen so offenen Antisemitismus haben Juden in Deutschland nach 1945 vielleicht noch nicht erlebt,” SWR Aktuell, November 28, 2023, https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/baden-wuerttemberg/interview-beratungsstelle-antisemitismus-ofek-bw-betroffene-102.html; Ofek 2024. Beratung im Krisenmodus: Update zur Beratungsstatistik von OFEK e.V. im 1. Halbjahr nach dem 7. Oktober 2023. Berlin: Ofek, https://ofek-beratung.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/240417-OFEK-sechs-Monate-nach-7-Oktober-–-Auswertung.pdf (accessed May 6, 2024); Zeit Online 2024. “Zahl antisemitischer Straftaten im ersten Quartal deutlich gestiegen,” Die Zeit, May 9, 2024, https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/2024–05/antisemitismus-straftaten-deutschland-erstes-quartal-bundeskriminalamt (accessed May 13, 2024); Deborah Schnabel and Eva Berendsen, Die TikTok-Intifada – Der 7. Oktober & die Folgen im Netz, Bildungstaette Anne Frank, January 31, 2024, https://www.bs-anne-frank.de/fileadmin/content/Publikationen/Weiteres_Pädagogisches_Material/TikTok_Studie-Bildungsstätte_2024-WEB.pdf
41. Zeit Online 2024. “Zahl antisemitischer Straftaten.”
42. Sergio DellaPergola and L. Daniel Staetsky. 2020. Jews in Europe at the turn of the Millennium: Population trends and estimates. London: Institute for Jewish Policy Research, https://www.jpr.org.uk/reports/jews-europe-turn-millennium-population-trends-and-estimates (accessed May 6, 2024).
43. Dani Kranz, “A Little Known, Exotic Species: Jews in Germany Post-1945 and the Long-Term Effects of Genocide on Scientific Research.” (n. d.).
44. Dirk Fisser, ‘Juden wieder in Angst: So wirkt das Shoa-Trauma bis in die dritte Generation,’ noz, November 17, 2023, https://www.noz.de/deutschland-welt/nahost-krieg/artikel/extrem-trauma-shoah-die-angst-vor-juden-verfolgung-ist-zurueck-45926295
45. Kranz, “A Litte Known”
46. Fieldnotes December 10, 2023; January 23, 2024.
47. Renate Köcher, 2023. “Mehrheit der Deutschen steht nicht an der Seite Israels”. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, November 23, 2023, https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/umfrage-zu-nahost-krieg-mehrheit-der-deutschen-nicht-an-der-seite-israels-19332200.html (accessed May 6, 2024).
48. Florian Geiler and Franziska von Werder, 2024. “Praesidentin als ‘Zionistin’ beschimpft.” Tagesspiegel, May 4, 2024, https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/an-der-humboldt-universitat-in-berlin-pro-palastinensische-studierende-besetzen-campus-11612678.html (accessed May 7, 2024); Florian Holler, 2024. “Pro-Palästinensisches Protestcamp vor der Uni Köln bleibt vorerst bestehen,” Kölner Stadtanzeiger, May 6, 2024, https://www.ksta.de/koeln/pro-palaestinensisches-protestcamp-vor-der-uni-koeln-bleibt-bestehen-788873; Cristina Marina, 2024. ““Ich hätte mir mehr Unterstützung gewünscht”: Shapira erhebt schwere Vorwürfe gegen die FU Berlin,” Tagesspiegel, February 22, 2024, https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/ich-hatte-mir-mehr-unterstutzung-gewunscht-lahav-shapira-erhebt-schwere-vorwurfe-gegen-die-fu-berlin-11257126.html (accessed February 22, 2024); Anonymous, 2024. Besetzung und Räumung des Theaterhofs am 7 Mai 2024/Offener Brief Berliner Hochschullehrender, https://www.fu-berlin.de/campusleben/campus/2024/240513-faq-besetzung/index.html (accessed May 13, 2024).
49. Richard C. Schneider, “Ich habe Angst, die Augen zu schließen. Denn sofort tauchen die Bilder auf,” Spiegel Online, October 14, 2023, https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/hamas-ueberfall-auf-israel-richard-c-schneider-ueber-die-toten-in-seinem-bekanntenkreis-a-3dddee6f-e99c-45a9-a840-8360904c0937
50. Sarah Cohen-Fantl, 2024. “Zwischen Angst und Heimat: Warum wir als Familie von Berlin zurück nach Israel ziehen,” Friedrich Naumann Stiftung, April 23, 2024, https://www.freiheit.org/de/deutschland/zwischen-angst-und-heimat-warum-wir-als-familie-von-berlin-zurueck-nach-israel-ziehen (accessed May 13, 2024); Kranz, “A Little Known”; Julia Schaaf, 2023. “Es gibt viele Menschen, die uns wirklich hassen – als Juden,“ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, December 11, 2023, https://www.faz.net/aktuell/gesellschaft/menschen/israel-antisemitismus-und-judenhass-ruehren-an-alte-traumata-19371027.html (accessed May 6, 2024).
51. Maximilian Strnad, “The Fortune of Survival – Intermarried German Jews in the Dying Breath of the “Thousand-Year Reich”,” Dapim: Studies on the Holocaust 29, no. 3 (2015): 173–196.
52. Strnad, ‘The Fortune of Survival’; Ori Yehudai, ““Doubtful Cases”: Intermarried Families in the Post-Holocaust Jewish World,” Immigrants & Minorities 38, no. 1–2 (2022): 27–53.
53. Strnad, “The Fortune of Survival,” 174.
54. Kauders, Unmögliche Heimat; Rapaport, Jews and Germans; Schaum, Being Jewish (and) in Love; Schaum, “Love Will Bring Us Together (Again)?“
55. Kranz, “Jewish Families.”
56. Joseph Cronin, Russian-Speaking Jews in Germany’s Jewish Communities, 1990–2005 (Cham: CH: Springer Nature, 2019).
57. Kranz, “Jewish Families.”
58. Kauders, Unmögliche Heimat.
59. Grünberg, “Bedrohung durch Normalität.”
60. Yehudai, “Doubtful Cases.”
61. Kranz, “Jewish Families.”
62. Fieldnotes, October 20, 2009.
63. Bertholt Scheller, Die Zentralwohlfahrtsstelle. Der jüdische Wohlfahrtsverband in Deutschland. Eine Selbstdarstellung (ZWST, Frankfurt/M: 1987).
64. Bodemann, Gedächtnistheater; Strnad, “The Fortune of Survival”; Yehudai, “Doubtful Cases.”
65. Scheller, Die Zentralwohlfahrtsstelle.
66. Kauders, Unmögliche Heimat.
67. ibid.
68. Strnad, “The Fortune of Survival.”
69. Bodemann, Gedächtnistheater.
70. https://www.ushmm.org/teach/teaching-materials/primary-sources-collections/three-minutes-in-poland/lesson/archival-film-footage (accessed January 8, 2023).
71. Fieldnotes, August 16, 2022.
72. Lezzi, »Liebe ist meine Religion!«
73. Brenner, “East European and German Jews in Postwar Germany”; Grossmann, Jews, Germans and Allies
74. Kauders, Unmögliche Heimat
75. Rapaport, Jews and Germans
76. ibid.
77. Marsha L. Rozenblit, “Review: Jews in Germany after the Holocaust: Memory, Identity, and Jewish – German Relations by Lynn Rapaport,” Central European History 35, no. 2 (2002): 315–318; 317
78. Kranz, “Jewish Families.”
79. Judaism is defined as a religion under German law. This means in consequence that the number of Jews in Germany has been undercounted throughout, because not every eligible Jew in terms of Jewish religious law (halacha) was a member of the Jewish community, and not every self-identified Jew could be a member of the Jewish community (Kranz, “Jewish Families”; Strnad, “The Fortune of Survival”; Yehudai, “Doubtful Cases”).
80. All names are alias.
81. Fieldnotes, November 18, 2022.
82. Kranz, “Jewish Families.”
83. ibid.
84. Grünberg, Liebe nach Auschwitz.
85. Rapaport, Jews and Germans.
86. Grünberg, Liebe nach Auschwitz.
87. Kranz, Shades of Jewishness.
88. ibid.
89. ibid., 218.
90. Rapaport, Jews and Germans.
91. Ross and Kranz, “Jüdisches Kulturerbe.”
92. Inowlocki, “Doing Being Jewish.”
93. Zentralwohlfahrtsstelle der Juden in Deutschland, Mitgliederstatistik 1990–2000 (Auszüge), 2001, https://www.zwst.org/medialibrary/pdf/Mitgliederstatistik-1990–2000-Auszüge.pdf, (last accessed May 19, 2022).
94. Kranz, “Mythical Jews.”
95. Dani Kranz, “Where to Stay and Where to Go? Ideas of home and homelessness amongst Third Generation Jews who grew up in Germany,” in Esther Jilovsky, Jordy Silverstein and David Slucki, eds., In the Shadows of the Shadows of the Holocaust: Narratives of the Third Generation (London: Vallentine Mitchell, 2015): 179–208.
96. Fieldnotes, October 28, 2022.
97. Fieldnotes May 5, 2008.
98. Inowlocki, “Doing Being Jewish.”
99. Kranz, “(Friendly) Strangers.”
100. Michael Löw-Baer, “From Nowhere to Israel and Back: The Changing Self-Definition of German-Jewish Youth Since 1960,” Y. Michal Bodemann, ed., Germans, Jews and Memory: Reconstructions of Jewish Life in Germany (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996): 101–130; Kauders, Unmögliche Heimat.
101. Cronin, Russian-Speaking Jews; Karen Körber, Juden, Russen, Emigranten: Identitätskonflikte jüdischer Einwanderer in einer ostdeutschen Stadt (Frankfurt: Campus, 2005); Karen Körber, “Zäsur, Wandel oder Neubeginn: Russischsprachige Juden in Deutschland zwischen Recht, Repräsentation und Neubeginn,“ Karen Körber, ed., Russisch-jüdische Gegenwart in Deutschland (Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht, 2015): 13–36.
102. Cronin, Russian-Speaking Jews.
103. Julia Bernstein, Food for Thought (Frankfurt: Campus, 2013); Sveta Roberman, Sweet Burdens: Welfare and Communality among Russian Jews in Germany (Albany: SUNY, 2016). Non-Jewish researchers asked ‘why’ these Jews immigrated to Germany, underlining that the biographies of researchers need to be taken into account (Kranz, ”The Quest for Jewish Anthropology in Germany post-1945”; Kranz and Ross, “Jüdische Selbstermächtigung“).
104. Judith Kessler, “Umfrage 2002: Mitgliederbefragung der Jüdischen Gemeinde zu Berlin,“ (Unpublished research report, 2002).
105. ibid.
106. Kranz, “Jewish Families.”
107. Alina Gromova, “Jewish Dating or Niche-making? A Topographical Representation of Youth Culture,” Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 23, no. 2 (2014): 11–25.
108. Rapaport, Jews and Germans.
109. The dominance of Jewish and German Christian or post-Christian couple constellations owes to the majority of the population falling into the latter category.
110. cf. Lachover, Einat and Sylvie Fogiel-Bijaoui, ”The Interplay of News Production and Journalistic Self-Branding in the Coverage of Celebrity Mixed Marriages,” Journal of Media and Religion, 2021, 10.1080/15348423.2021.2014198.
111. Uzi Rebhun, Dani Kranz and Heinz Sünker, A Double Burden? The Migration of Israeli Jews to Germany since 1990 (Albany: SUNY Press, 2022).
112. ibid.
113. ibid.
114. Sylvie Fogiel-Bijaoui, “The Spousal Covenant (Brit Hazugiut), or the Covenant with the Status Quo,” Israel Studies Review 28, no. 2 (2013): 210–227.
115. Dani Kranz, “German, Non-Jewish Spousal and Partner Migrants in Israel: The Normalisation of Germanness and the Dominance of Jewishness,” Journal of Israeli History, 36, no. 2 (2018): 171–187; Dani Kranz, “The Global North goes to the Global North Minus? Intersections of Integration of non-Jewish, Highly Skilled, Female Partner/Spousal Migrants from the Global North in Israel,” International Migration 57, no. 3 (2019): 192–207.
116. German law only provides for partner immigration in the case of married partners.
117. German refers to German non-Jewish, which constitute the majority of all partners/spouses of Israeli Jews in Germany. Non-German residents, or German citizens with self-identified minority backgrounds will be mentioned if this category applies.
118. Kranz, “The Global North.”
119. ibid.
120. Simone Heil, Young Ambassadors: Youth Exchange and the Special Relationship between Germany and the State of Israel (Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2011).
121. Kranz, “German, Non-Jewish.”
122. Partnerships and marriages to non-Jewish citizens of Israel also exist but due to Jews being the majority most couple constellations of German non-Jews in Israel are with Israeli Jews.
123. Rebhun, Kranz and Sünker, A Double Burden.
124. Eleonor Kofman and Rosemary Sales, “Towards fortress Europe?,” Women’s Studies International Forum 15, no. 1 (1992): 29–39.
125. Fieldnotes, June 20, 2012.
126. Fieldnotes, July 4, 2012.
127. Kranz, “The Global North.”
128. Rebhun, Kranz and Sünker, A Double Burden?; Hila Amit, A Queer Way Out: The Politics of Queer Emigration from Israel (Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 2018); Jan Zappner, Being Jewish, however (Berlin: Amcha Deutschland, 2022); fieldnotes, March 15, 2023; Dani Kranz, Yotam Hotam and Avihu Shoshana, “Big Baggage on Small Shoulders? Children of Israeli/German Interparentage in Germany,“ Michael Gasperoni, Cyrile Grand and Vincent Gourdon, eds., Les mariages mixtes dans les sociétés européennes, XVIIIe-XXIe siècles Pour une histoire sociale de la mixité matrimoniale (Rome: Vialla, 2019): 286–312; fieldnotes, July 5, 2018.
129. Fieldnotes, October 11, 2022.
130. Grünberg, “Folgen des Holocaust“; Grünberg, “Contaminated Generativity”; Löw-Baer, “From Nowhere to Israel and Back”; Inowlocki, “Normalität als Kunstgriff”; Kauders, Unmögliche Heimat; Grünberg, “Bedrohung durch Normalität”; Grünberg, Liebe nach Auschwitz; Rapaport, Jews and Germans.
131. Joane Nagel, Race, Ethnicity, and Sexuality: Intimate Intersections, Forbidden Frontiers (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).
132. Berman, Jews and Intermarriage.
133. David Trafimow and Tami Gannon, “What if your daughter married a Jew?: The dissociation of stereotypic trait judgments from prejudicial attitudes,” The Social Science Journal 36, no. 2 (1999): 299–311.
134. Jennifer A. Thompson, Jewish on Their Own Terms: How Intermarried Couples are Changing American Judaism (Camden, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2013).
135. Keren McGinity, Marrying Out: Jewish Men, Intermarriage, and Fatherhood (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2014).
136. Helen Kiyong Kim and Noah Samuel Leavitt, JewAsian: Race, Religion, and Identity for America’s Newest Jews (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2016).
137. Joel Perlmann, “The American Jewish Periphery: An Overview,” Working Paper No. 473, The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, 2006, https://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/wp_473.pdf
138. McGinity, Marrying Out.
139. Berman, Jews and Intermarriage.
140. Y. Michal Bodemann, A Jewish Family in Germany Today: An Intimate Portrait (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005).
141. McPherson, Smith-Lovin and Cook, “Birds of a Feather.”
142. Lisa L. Wynn, “Writing affect, love, and desire into ethnography,” Kalpana Ram and Christopfer Houston, eds., Phenomenology in Anthropology: A Sense of Perspective (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015): 224–247.
143. Kranz, “Jewish Families.”
144. Schaum, Being Jewish (and) in Love.
145. All names in Schaum’s work are aliases.
146. Ina Schaum, ‘De/Constructiong “Jews” and “Germans”: Relationships in Contemporary Germany’, Journal of Modern Jewish Studies (forthcoming).
147. Schaum, Being Jewish (and) in Love.
148. Schaum, “Love Will Bring Us Together (Again)?”
149. Schaum, Being Jewish (and) in Love; Schaum, “Love Will Bring Us Together (Again)?”
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Notes on contributors
Dani Kranz
Dani Kranz is the incumbent DAAD Humboldt chair at El Colegio de México, Mexico City, and an applied anthropologist and director of Two Foxes Consulting, Germany and Israel. Her expertise covers migration, integration, ethnicity, law, state/stateliness, political life, organisations, memory cultures and politics as well as cultural heritage. She is a consultant to a range of ministries, foundations, museums, and NGOs.