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Notes
1 Scott, On the Judgment of History, ix.
2 Scott, ix.
3 Scott, xi.
4 This translation is taken from The Holy Qur’an, with Full Arabic Text, translated by Ali.
5 Rosenthal, “History and the Qur’an.” In Encyclopaedia of the Qur’an.
6 To be sure, the Exodus has also been challenged as a liberative paradigm, particularly by indigenous activists. See Said, “Michael Walzer’s ‘Exodus and Revolution’: A Canaanite Reading,” Grand Street; and Warrior, “Canaanites, Cowboys, and Indians: Deliverance, Conquest, and Liberation Theology Today,” Christianity and Crisis. For an Islamic perspective on the Exodus paradigm, see Rahemtulla, “The Qur’an, the Bible, and the Indigenous Peoples of Canaan: An Anti-Colonial Muslim Reading,” in Resistance to Empire and Militarization: Reclaiming the Sacred.
7 Esack, The Qur’an: A User’s Guide, 154.
8 Sells, Approaching the Qur’an: The Early Revelations, 15.
9 Mirza, “The Qur’anic Concept of History,” Hamdard Islamicus, 13 and 19. This Qur’anic translation is taken from Mirza’s article.
10 Esack, “In Search of Progressive Islam Beyond 9/11,” in Progressive Muslims: On Justice, Gender, and Pluralism, 80.
11 Petrella, The Future of Liberation Theology: An Argument and Manifesto, vii.
12 Rowland ed., The Cambridge Companion to Liberation Theology, 11.
13 Scott, xvi.
14 See Scott, xxii-xiii, 21, 33, 54, among others.
15 Scott, 33.
16 Scott, 40-41.
17 Scott, 41.
18 Scott, 44-45.
19 To be fair, Scott recognises the formidable challenges that the TRC faced as a “quasi-judicial body,” for the TRC did not have the authority to punish (Scott, 26). This is where the settler colonial character of the conflict is crucial to appreciate: the perpetrators of South African apartheid had not “left”. In fact, not only did they remain, but they remained fully in control of the economy and military (Scott, 25), and this was the context in which the TRC operated.
20 Scott, xviii.
21 Scott, xviii.
22 Scott, 53.
23 Scott, 18.
24 Scott, 87. She refers to slavery as America’s “original sin” several times, such as on pgs. 77 and 82. While these last two references are not her own words – they are from a quote – she does not qualify or contextualise the description by highlighting the settler colonial origins of the US.
25 There is a specific tuition fee rate for Scottish students, and the Scottish government pays these fees, in full, for the first undergraduate degree.
26 Harvey, A Brief History of Neoliberalism, 2.
27 Lambelet, “The Contradiction between Soviet and American Human Rights Doctrine: Reconciliation through Perestroika and Pragmatism,” Boston University International Law Journal, 65.
28 Dean, “Beyond Helsinki: The Soviet View of Human Rights in International Law,” Virginia Journal of International Law, 61. My parentheses.
29 Dean, 66. That said, we should not assume – as the human rights theorist Jack Donnelly has cautioned – that just because socioeconomic rights (so-called “positive” rights) necessitate a pro-active role on the part of the state, civil and political rights (so-called “negative” rights) require the state to simply step back. Civil and political rights, too, demand critical state interventions. Donnelly gives the example of protection against torture: securing this right does not merely require the state not to torture its citizens, but also to implement extensive training programmes for police staff and to rigorously monitor and regulate the policing system. See Donnelly, Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice, 43.