The variation of the stress–mental health relationship by ethnicity and gender

Abstract

Population-based studies have consistently shown a higher frequency of stress and mental health problems (MHPs) among women than among men, and among immigrants than among the ethnic majority. However, little is known about ethnic variation and gender differences among immigrants. This study aimed to explore the variation of the stress–mental health relationship by gender and ethnicity. Logistic regression analyses were conducted on data from 2349 participants including Danes, and Lebanese, Pakistani and Turks – first generation of immigrants in Denmark. The results showed similarities and differences between women and men and between ethnic groups. The risk of developing MHPs was higher among women than among men and the gender difference was significant in all immigrants groups but not in Danes. Although the stress exposure is higher among women and immigrants, gender and ethnic differences in mental health are better explained by cultural dimensions and circumstances in peoples' life.

Keywords::

• stress
• mental health
• gender
• ethnicity
• immigrants

Acknowledgements

Data collection was funded by the National Board of Health, Denmark (Grant no. J. nr 7-313-01-20/2), and the municipalities of Aarhus, Odense and Copenhagen, the County of Midt, Syd and Hovedstaden.