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Abstract
This study attempts to provide a portrayal of emotional intelligence (EI) of the Indonesians, one of the fourth most populous countries and multiethnic societies in the world, specifically across the 404 Bataks, 430 Minangkabau, and 479 Javanese ethnics. The result indicated that the Indonesian version of the EQ-i is invariant across the three ethnic groups. The findings also showed that the three ethnic groups have some shared characteristics in terms of interpersonal, assertiveness, empathy, social responsibility, flexibility, and problem-solving competences. We found significant main effects of ethnicity and gender as well as the interaction effect on EI competences. Cross-ethnic comparison showed that the Minangkabau assessed in this study are the most underdeveloped group in terms of social and emotional capabilities. We recommend replications of this study for other Indonesian ethnic groups to draw a more valid conclusion and to support the development of society.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Notes
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Additional information
Notes on contributors
Zahrasari L. Dewi
Zahrasari Lukita Dewi studied clinical psychology in Padjadjaran University, Bandung, and University of Indonesia, Jakarta. Since 1998 she has been working fulltime at the Department of Psychology of the Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia as a lecturer, a researcher, and a psychologist. In her scientific work, she was committed to issues in positive psychology development in Indonesia, psychological assessment, adapting psychological questionnaires, cross-cultural psychology research, and inter-discipline studies. Her research work in EI and adult attachment is the main topic of her doctoral dissertation. She developed the EI and attachment scientific assessments that are still very limited in Indonesia. Her research findings have been published in some international and national scientific journals.
Author’s postal address: Department of Psychology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jl. Jend. Sudirman No. 51, Jakarta Selatan 12930, Indonesia.
Magdalena S. Halim
Dr. Magdalena Surjaningsih Halim studied clinical psychology in Padjadjaran University, Bandung, and defended her doctoral dissertation at the Radboud University of Nijmegen. She works fulltime at the Department of Psychology of the Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia as a senior lecturer, a researcher, and a psychologist. In her scientific work she was committed to issues in health and clinical psychology, psychological assessment, and adapting psychological questionnaires. Her research findings have been published in some international and national scientific journals. Her professional network has been widely established for years through her contribution to many researches and conferences.
Author’s postal address: Department of Psychology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jl. Jend. Sudirman no. 51, Gedung C Lantai 4, Jakarta Selatan 12930, Indonesia.
Jan Derksen
Jan Derksen (1953) studied journalism, psychology (PhD 1983), sociology, philosophy, and psychopharmacology. He is employed by the Radboud University of Nijmegen, the Free University of Brussels, and is active as a primary care psychologist and psychotherapist in the clinical practice Derksen & Klein Herenbrink (Bemmel, Lent, Oosterhout). In the late 1970s and the 1980s, he was one of the pioneers in starting primary care psychology in the Netherlands; in the 1980s in his research projects, he introduced assessment methods to diagnose borderline personality disorder and wrote the first Dutch handbook on personality disorders (1993, also published in the USA). He was in charge of the Dutch research in de MMPI-2, MMPI-A, and EI test (BarOn Eq-i). He is trained as a classical psychoanalyst, cognitive behavior therapist, and top CEO coach. In his scientific work for years, he was committed to issues in psychological assessment, the diagnosis of personality disorders, and adapting psychological questionnaires. About these and other clinical psychological subjects he authored and coauthored 39 books and more than 200 articles (Dutch and English language). He also wrote columns for journals and magazines, recently about narcissistic disorders amongst managers and politicians. He specialized in short psychodynamic psychotherapy. His recent books are on narcissism, uncovering psychotherapy, psychological assessment, and the relationship between neuroscience and psychology.
Author’s postal address: Department of Clinical Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Twaalf Apostelenweg 2 6523 LW Nijmegen, The Netherlands.