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Abstract
Some of the variability found in measures of mental workload (see e.g. Singleton, Fox, and Whitfield Citation1973; Wierwille and Connor Citation1983; Steelman, McCarley, and Wickens Citation2011; Casner and Gore Citation2010) may be due to the effort applied to the task by participants, rather than by the independent variable of interest. If true, capturing and removing the variation due to ‘applied effort’ could improve the ability of studies to detect effects of interest. While introducing participants to two sub-tasks derived from Multi-Attribute Task Battery II (Santiago-Espada et al. Citation2011), the study investigated the influence of applied effort on MATB-II performance measures while holding other effects constant. Two groups of participants each completed easy and hard trials of MATB-II-derived sub-tasks. Treatment group of participants was offered an additional reward if they achieved a sufficiently high performance. The treatment group performed better by just under 4% in both easy and hard trials which provides a suggestion about the size of the effect of applied effort in this study. Measuring or controlling for applied effort can improve the ability of researchers to determine the effects of interventions on workload measures by reducing the amount of variability that is captured as error.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Funding
Self-funded.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Denys Bulikhov
Denys Bulikhov has a master’s degree in Space Studies from the University of North Dakota (2015). He is currently working on his PhD degree from Purdue University in Industrial Engineering with Human Factors concentration.
Steven J. Landry
Steven Landry is a Professor and the Head of the Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering at Penn State University. Dr. Landry has a PhD in Industrial and Systems Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology (2004) and a master’s degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1999).