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Original Articles

Uncovering the white place: whitewashing at work

Mettre au jour le milieu blanc: la mystification au travail

Descubriendo el Lugar Blanco: ‘Blanqueamiento’ al Trabajo

Pages 267-282 | Published online: 18 Aug 2006
 

Abstract

Recent work exploring the racialization of place tends to focus on the racialization of marginalized group space. This paper shifts attention toward the racialization of dominant group space, namely, the creation and maintenance of white places. Using the case study of the software workplace, I argue that white places are formed through a process of whitewashing, which simultaneously denies race and superimposes white culture. Whitewashing wields language and invisibility to deny race and promote a particular kind of multiculturalism, while cloaking the workplace in a culture of informality and business politics. The whitewashed workplace, like a whitewashed wall, is seen as colorless rather than white as white culture becomes universalized as high-tech culture. I draw my findings from in-depth interviews on workplace satisfaction, relationships, culture and diversity with black, Asian and white employees in Seattle-area software firms.

Les travaux récents sur la racialisation du lieu ont mis davantage l'accent sur la racialisation de l'espace de groupes marginalisés. Dans cet article, le regard se déplace vers la racialisation de l'espace de groupes dominants, en l'occurrence la création et le maintien de milieux blancs. À partir d'une étude de cas sur un milieu de travail en informatique, je soutiens que les milieux blancs se créent à travers un processus de mystification qui, à la fois, fait abstraction de la race et superpose une culture blanche. La mystification se sert de la langue et de l'invisibilité pour nier la race et promouvoir une certaine forme de multiculturalisme en revêtant le milieu de travail d'une culture favorisant la simplicité et centrée sur les politiques de bureau. Le milieu de travail mystifié, tel un mur blanchi, est perçu être sans couleur au lieu d'être blanc et ce, pendant que la culture blanche s'universalise en tant que culture de haute technologie. Mes constats reposent sur des entrevues en profondeur sur le niveau de satisfaction dans le milieu de travail, les relations, la culture et la diversité, qui ont été menées auprès d'employés de race noire, asiatique et blanche dans des firmes de haute technologie dans la région de Seattle.

Trabajos recientes que exploran la racialización de lugar tienden a centrarse en la racialización del espacio de grupos marginados. Este papel cambia el enfoque para centrarse en la racialización del espacio de grupos dominantes, es decir, la creación y sostenimiento de lugares blancos. Haciendo uso de un estudio de caso de locales de trabajo de empresas de software, sugiero que los lugares blancos se forman por un proceso de ‘blanqueamiento’, el cual simultaneamente niega raza y superpone una cultura blanca. El ‘blanqueamiento’ hace uso de lenguaje e invisibilidad para negar raza y fomentar una forma de multiculturalismo particular, mientras que envuelve el local de trabajo en el manto de una cultura de informalidad y la política de negocio. El local de trabajo ‘blanqueado’, al igual que una pared blanqueada, se ve como ‘sin color’ en vez de blanco y la cultura blanca llega a ser universalizada como la cultura de alta tecnología. Mis conclusiones vienen de entrevistas exhaustivas sobre satisfacción al trabajo, relaciones, cultura y diversidad, elaboradas con empleados negros, asiáticos y blancos en empresas de software en Seattle.

Acknowledgements

Thank you to Mark Ellis, Kim England, JW Harrington and the anonymous reviewers for their supportive and insightful comments. Thank you also to the University of Washington Department of Geography and the Harry Bridges Center for Labor Studies for their generous contributions to this project.

Notes

1 I use antiracist writer Kendall Clark's (Citation2003) definition of white privilege as ‘a right, advantage or immunity granted to or enjoyed by white persons beyond the common advantage of all others; an exemption in many particular cases from certain burdens or liabilities’.

2 I chose Seattle due to its designation as one of fourteen ‘high-technology centers’ (Cortright and Mayer Citation2001) and the industrial prominence of its major employer, Microsoft.

3 ‘Asian’ men include those who are South, Southeast and East Asian, foreign-born and native-born. Unfortunately, narrowing my research to these three groups meant excluding the perspective of Latino employees. Interviews with white, black and Asian employees suggest Latino software employees hold a delicate position of ambiguity with respect to whiteness similar to that held by their Asian colleagues.

4 The most recent trend of moving software jobs from the United States to India has unveiled this white dominance, as angry whites now threatened with job loss start to question employment practices in the industry.

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