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Articles

Placing the vulnerable subject: re-theorizing Peruvian street children’s lives through an ethic of care

Placer le sujet vulnérable: rethéoriser les vies des enfants des rues péruviens à travers une éthique de soins

Situando al sujeto vulnerable: la re-teorización de la vida de los niños de la calle peruanos a través de una ética de cuidado

Pages 336-356 | Received 15 Sep 2017, Accepted 04 Jun 2018, Published online: 09 Jul 2018
 

ABSTRACT

This article examines the lives of Peruvian street children as a lens to more critically think about ideas of agency, vulnerability and care. Building on more than 14 months of fieldwork with street children in Lima and Cusco, the lives of children in this study reveal street children as vulnerable subjects, able to act in the context of their particular dependencies. Applying a feminist ethic of care to an analysis of children’s lives challenges some of the assumed tensions between vulnerability and agency. Instead, it points to a need to consider agency as the cultivation of interdependencies, in the context of specific socio-spatial relationships. The article shows how many actions are contradictory and may simultaneously create more opportunities for children while furthering their marginalization in other ways. Similarly, caring relationships can both facilitate and limit young people’s opportunities.

Cet article examine les vies des enfants des rues péruviens en tant que grille d’analyse vers une pensée plus critique sur les idées de pouvoir, de vulnérabilité et de soins. En s’appuyant sur plus de quatorze mois de travail sur le terrain auprès d’enfants des rues de Lima et Cusco, les vies des enfants de cette étude révèlent les enfants des rues comme des sujets vulnérables, capables d’agir dans le contexte de leurs dépendances particulières. Appliquer une éthique de soins féministe à une analyse des vies de ces enfants remet en question certaines des tensions présupposées entre la vulnérabilité et le pouvoir. Cela montre plutôt une nécessité de considérer le pouvoir comme une culture d’interdépendances, dans le contexte de rapports sociaux spatiaux spécifiques. Cet article montre comment de nombreuses actions sont contradictoires et risquent de créer simultanément davantage d’opportunités pour les enfants en même temps qu’elles les marginalisent encore plus d’une autre manière. De façon similaire, des rapports bienveillants peuvent à la fois faciliter et limiter les possibilités de ces jeunes.

Este artículo examina la vida de los niños de la calle peruanos como una lente para pensar más críticamente sobre las ideas de acción, vulnerabilidad y cuidado. Basándose en más de catorce meses de trabajo de campo con niños de la calle en Lima y Cuzco, la vida de los niños en este estudio muestra a los niños de la calle como sujetos vulnerables, capaces de actuar en el contexto de sus dependencias particulares. Aplicar una ética de cuidado feminista a un análisis de la vida de los niños desafía algunas de las tensiones supuestas entre la vulnerabilidad y la acción. En cambio, apunta a la necesidad de considerar a la acción como el cultivo de interdependencias, en el contexto de relaciones socio-espaciales específicas. El artículo muestra cuántas acciones son contradictorias y, al mismo tiempo, que pueden crear más oportunidades para los niños mientras que promueven su marginación de otras maneras. Del mismo modo, las relaciones de cuidado pueden facilitar y limitar las oportunidades de los jóvenes.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

1. In this study, I define street children broadly as children for whom the street is a central focal point in their lives (see Thomas de Benitez, Citation2007). This includes both homeless children and those children who work in the streets and return home. I use the word ‘child’ here in the legal sense, as those under age 18. However, the participants in this study represent a diverse group of young people and include those who are also sometimes categorized as youth.

2. In 2014, children reported that since Susana Villaran became mayor, they have noticed a greater presence of municipal police trying to stop them from working.

3. Names of children have been changed. All interviews and field notes have been translated from Spanish to English.

4. Although the school has since closed down due to a lack of funds, as of 2014, children and adults reported that street children were still frequently marginalized from other spaces because of their links to the streets.

5. Among children who reported having been in INABIF.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Dissertation Improvement Award].

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