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Articles

Pedagogy, game intelligence & critical thinking: the future of Irish soccer?

Pages 746-767 | Published online: 16 Sep 2016
 

Abstract

Utilizing data gathered from over 20 action research workshops involving over 350 participants with clubs in the UK and Ireland, this paper examines how coaching pedagogy facilitates the development of young soccer players in general and their perceptual cognitive skills in particular. This paper argues that in order to enhance player learning, coaches and managers would benefit from an understanding of the many theoretical frameworks underpinning the process of learning. This pedagogical knowledge assists in understanding how specific practices such as critical thinking, reflection, questioning and feedback facilitates the enhancement of player learning and in the assessment and development of perceptual cognitive skills. The value of this paper lies in its potential to stimulate debate, discussion and sensitize Irish coaches and managers, at all levels, to the way in which they, and their players, learn and to stimulate a critical evaluation and reflection of their current coaching and management practices.

Acknowledgements

I wish to thank the anonymous reviewers and Susan Giblin, Ruud Dokter and Gavin Fleming for their considerably helpful suggestions and comments on an earlier draft. A special word of thanks to the editors of this special issue for their advice, support and considerable patience. Finally, considerable gratitude is owed to the workshop participants for their assistance, advice and engagement with this research.

Notes

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19. Ibid.

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41. Williams and Davids, ‘Declarative Knowledge,’ 259–75; Ericsson et al., Complex Information Processing, 235–67; Ericsson et al., ‘Long-term working,’ 211; O’Donoghue, An Introduction; and O’Donoghue, ‘Research methods.’

42. Williams, Science and Soccer; and Williams and Davids, ‘Declarative Knowledge,’ 259–75.

43. Groom et al., ‘The Delivery of Video-based,’ 16–32.

44. O’Donoghue, ‘Research Methods.’

45. Bishop et al., ‘Neural Bases for Anticipation,’ 98–109.

46. Roca et al., ‘Developmental Activities,’ 1643–52; and Ford et al., ‘An Analysis of Practice Activities,’ 483–95.

47. Davids et al., ‘How Small-sided and Conditioned Games,’ 154–61; and Partington and Cushion, ‘An Investigation of the Practice Activities,’ 374–82.

48. Light et al., ‘Improving ‘At-action’ Decision-making,’ 258–75; Light, ‘An International Perspective,’ 211; Grehaigne et al., ‘Modelling Ball Circulation,’ 257–70; and Harvey et al., ‘Teaching Games for Understanding,’ 29–54.

49. Cassidy et al., Understanding Sports Coaching.

50. Hauw, Reflective Practice, 341–52.

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51. Williams and Hodges, ‘Practice, Instruction and Skill,’ 637–50.

52. Broadbent et al., ‘Perceptual-cognitive Skill Training,’ 328.

53. Williams, Science and Soccer; Cassidy et al., Understanding Sports Coaching; Potrac et al., Routledge Handbook of Sports Coaching; Jones et al., Sports Coaching Cultures; and Jones, et al., The Sociology of Sports Coaching.

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56. Smoll et al., ‘Enhancement of children’s,’ 602.

57. McGarry et al., Routledge Handbook.

58. Laird and Waters, ‘Eyewitness Recollection,’ 76–84; and Carling et al., Handbook of Soccer Match Analysis.

59. Groom and Cushion, Using of video based coaching, 40–6; and Carling et al., Handbook of Soccer Match Analysis.

60. Jones et al., Citation2013; Ambiguity, ‘Noticing and Orchestration,’ 276–7; and Partington et al., ‘The Impact of Video Feedback,’ 700–16.

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62. Chelladurai, ‘Discrepancy between preferences,’ 27–41; Smith and Smoll, ‘Self-esteem and Children’s Reactions,’ 987; and Smith et al., ‘Effects of a Motivational Climate,’ 39.

63. Smith et al., ‘Effects of a Motivational Climate,’ 39; Smoll et al., ‘Enhancement,’ 602; and Smith and Smoll, ‘Self-esteem and Children’s Reactions,’ 987.

64. Partington and Cushion, ‘An Investigation of the Practice Activities,’ 374–82; Harvey et al., ‘Teaching Games for Understanding,’ 29–54; and Davids et al., ‘How Small-sided and Conditioned Games,’ 154–61.

65. Frank and Miller, ‘Training Coaches to Observe,’ 285–97; Laird and Waters, ‘Eyewitness Recollection,’ 76–84; and Carling et al., Handbook of Soccer Match Analysis.

66. Kelly and McGann, ‘Exploring the Role of Mobile.’

67. Turnnidge et al., ‘A Direct Observation,’ 225–40.

68. Jones et al., Citation2013; Ambiguity, ‘Noticing and Orchestration,’ 276–7.

69. Ibid.

70. Ibid.

71. Ibid.

72. Elberse, ‘Ferguson’s Formula,’ 116–25.

73. Schön, The Reflective Practitioner; and Van Manen, ‘On the Epistemology,’ 33–50.

74. Gibbs, Learning by Doing.

75. Christensen, ‘An Eye for Talent,’ 365–82.

76. Partington and Cushion, ‘An Investigation of the Practice Activities,’ 381; Partington et al., ‘The Impact of Video Feedback,’ 700–16; Cushion et al., ‘Coach Behaviours,’ 1637; and Williams & Hodges, ‘Practice, Instruction and Skill,’ 637–50.

77. Balaguer et al., ‘Coaches’ Interpersonal Style,’ 1619–29.

78. Ford et al., ‘An Analysis of Practice Activities,’ 483–95.

79. Partington et al., ‘The Impact of Video Feedback,’ 700–16; Cushion et al., ‘Coach Behaviours,’ 1637; Jones, ‘The Sports Coach as Educator,’ 405–12; and Jones, et al., The Sociology of Sports Coaching.

80. Gibbs, Learning by Doing.

81. Hatton and Smith, ‘Reflection in Teacher Education,’ 33–49.

82. Jasper, ‘Nurses’ perceptions,’ 452–63.

83. Tversky and Kahneman, ‘Availability: A Heuristic,’ 207–32.

84. Cassidy et al., Understanding Sports Coaching; and Peel et al., ‘Learning through Reflection,’ 729–42.

85. Cassidy et al., Understanding Sports Coaching. Peel et al., Citation2013.

86. Gibbs, Learning by Doing.

87. Elander et al., ‘Complex skills,’ 71–90; and Davies, ‘Not Quite Right,’ 327–40.

88. Byrnes and Dunbar, ‘The Nature and Development,’ 477; and Schneider, ‘Looking outside Education,’ 119.

89. Saltmarsh and Saltmarsh, ‘Has Anyone Read the Reading,’ 621–32.

90. Ibid.

91. Flanagan, ‘The Critical Incident Technique,’ 327.

92. Shapira-Lishchinsky, ‘Teachers’ Critical Incidents,’ 648–56.

93. Byrnes and Dunbar, ‘The Nature and Development,’ 477.

94. A number of studies have examined the processes and practices that coaches adopt for improving decision making in volleyball (Macquet, Citation2009) basketball (Bar-Eli & Tractinsky, Citation2000) netball (Richards et al., Citation2012) and rugby union (Light et al., Citation2014) and in teams such as the New Zealand All-Blacks Kidman (Citation2010)

95. MGarry et al., 2013, Routledge Handbook of Sports; Carling et al., Performance assessment; Groom et al., ‘The Delivery of Video-based,’ 16–32; and Groom et al., ‘The Delivery of Video-based,’ 16–32.

96. Bampouras et al., ‘Performance Analytic Processes,’ 468–83.

97. Mackenzie and Cushion, ‘Performance Analysis in Football,’ 639–76; and Carling et al., ‘Comment on ‘Performance Analysis.’

98. Ibid.

99. Ibid.

100. Patton, ‘Qualitative Interviewing,’ 574.

101. Groom et al., ‘The Delivery of Video-based,’ 16–32.

102. Bampouras et al., ‘Performance Analytic Processes,’ 468–83.

103. Senecal et al., ‘A Season-long Team-building,’ 186; and Mallett and Hanrahan, ‘Elite Athletes: Why Does,’ 183–200.

104. Cassidy et al., Understanding Sports Coaching.

105. Potrac et al., ‘It’s All about Getting Respect,’ 183–202; and Jones, et al., The Sociology of Sports Coaching.

106. Cooper and Sawaf, Executive EQ; Thelwell et al., ‘Examining relationships,’ 224–35; and Lane et al., ‘Emotional Intelligence,’ 195–201.

107. Cassidy et al., Understanding Sports Coaching; Culver and Trudel, ‘Clarifying the Concept,’ 1–10; and Horgan and Daly, ‘The Role of the Coach.’

108. Duhigg, The Power of Habit.

109. Beswick, Focused for Soccer or Abrahams (Citation2012, Citation2013); Abrahams, Soccer Brain, 2013; and Abrahams, Soccer Tough, 2012.

110. Van Mullem and Brunner, ‘Developing a Successful Coaching,’ 29–34.

111. Renshaw et al., ‘Insights from Ecological Psychology,’ 540–602.

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