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Articles

Still as divided as ever? Northern Ireland, football and identity 20 years after the Good Friday Agreement

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Pages 1071-1083 | Published online: 28 Oct 2019
 

ABSTRACT

The signing of the Belfast-Good Friday Agreement in 1998 was widely welcomed by those that interpreted it as offering Northern Ireland the prospect of a fresh start, free from inter-ethnic violence that had blighted the country for almost 80 years. Soon it began to be seen by some observers as the genesis too of a ‘Northern Irish’ identity, as the community at large came to reconcile themselves to their common lives in Northern Ireland. Sport was also viewed as offering the prospect of adding weight to this sense of a shared journey and governing bodies of sport unquestionably played their parts in supporting a settled political environment where division had previously existed. This article examines the still contested concept of a ‘Northern Irish’ identity and critically reviews its real currency in a divided society, even if sport and, specifically, association football offers renewed hope for something better in the time ahead.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. Tonge and Gomez, ‘Shared Identity and the End of Conflict?’.

2. Sugden, ‘Assessing the sociology of sport’.

3. Hassan and Murray, ‘The Good-Friday dis-agreement’.

4. Haughey, The First World War in Irish Poetry.

5. Rees et al., Ethnic Population Projections for the UK and Local Areas, 2011–2061.

6. The Northern Ireland Strategy for Sport and Physical Recreation 2009 to 2019.

7. See https://www.ons.gov.uk/census/2011census (accessed July 19, 2018).

8. See http://www.ark.ac.uk/nilt/2017/ (accessed July 19, 2018).

9. Hassan and Murray, ‘The Good-Friday dis-agreement’.

10. Connolly, Smith and Kelly (Citation2002), The Cultural and Political Awareness of 3–6 year olds in Northern Ireland.

11. Lowe and Muldoon, ‘Shared national identification in Northern Ireland’.

12. McCrudden et al., ‘Why Northern Ireland’s Institutions Need Stability’.

13. Ibid.

14. See https://www.ons.gov.uk/census/2011census (accessed July 19, 2018).

15. Hassan and Murray, ‘The Good-Friday dis-agreement’.

16. Mitchell, Somerville and Hargie, Sport for Peace in Northern Ireland?

17. Ibid.

18. McGrattan (Citation2010), Northern Ireland 1968–2008.

19. Hamilton, ‘Creating a soccer strategy for Northern Ireland’.

21. Bell, ‘Green and white army’.

22. Goffman (Citation1978), The presentation of self in everyday life, 56.

23. Reicher, ‘The Crowd Century’.

24. Lefèbvre (Citation1974), La Production de l’espace.

26. Houlihan, Sport and Society.

27. Hargie et al., Social Exclusion and Sport in Northern Ireland.

29. Sugden, ‘Sport and Community Relations in Northern Ireland and Israel’.

30. Magill et al., The Role of Education in Reconciliation.

33. Bairner, ‘Sport, the Northern Ireland peace process, and the politics of identity’.

34. Gormley-Heenan and Aughey, ‘Northern Ireland and Brexit’.

36. Hamber and Kelly, ‘A Working Definition of Reconciliation’.

39. Ferguson et al., ‘Sport and Underachievement amongst Protestant Youth in Northern Ireland’.

40. Liston and Deighan, ‘Whose ‘wee country?’.

41. Gaertner and Dovidio (Citation2011), ‘Common ingroup identity model’.

42. Murray and Hassan, ‘“They’re just not my team”’.

43. G. Santayana, Reason in Common Sense, vol. 1, Of the Life of Reason, quoted in Bartlett (Citation1980), Familiar Quotations.

44. Crabbe, ‘Getting to know you’.

45. Pawson, Evidence Based Policy.

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