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Research Articles

Politicization of the FIFA World Cup: the Polish perspective

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Pages 680-693 | Published online: 28 Aug 2022
 

ABSTRACT

The aim of this article is to depict the political and social history of the FIFA World Cup as seen from the Polish perspective – including the main aspects of the Polish team’s appearance in the tournament’s previous editions as well as their social and political context. This serves as a point of departure for an analysis of how football fans transfer their support to other national teams and the social, political and cultural reasons for this. The article’s summary includes an attempt at a critical look at the FIFA World Cup 2018 in Russia to study its main political contexts present in the Polish public debates.

Acknowledgments

The research conducted by Seweryn Dmowski was funded by the National Science Center (Poland), research grant number [2018/30/M/HS6/00866].

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1. Giulianotti, ‘Football’.

2. See Tomlinson and Young, National Identity and Global Sports Events.

3. Spaaij et al., ‘Introduction’, 6–14.

4. Woźniak, ‘Poland’.

5. Dmowski, ‘Historia polityczna polskiej piłki nożnej’; Dmowski, ‘Historia społeczna polskiej piłki nożnej’.

6. Dmowski and Szałański, ‘Globalna gra. Futbol jako czynnik w stosunkach międzynarodowych’, 153.

7. Urban, Czarny orzeł, biały orzeł, 43–80.

8. Radosław Nawrot, ‘Fryderyk Scherfke. Strzelec pierwszego gola dla reprezentacji Polski. Tajemnica z czasu wojny’ [Fryderyk Scherfke. First ever goalscorer for Polish national team. A wartime mystery], Wyborcza, 11 June 2018.

9. Gowarzewski, Polski Związek Piłki Nożnej 1919–2009, 96–97.

10. Szulc, ‘“Banda czworga”’.

11. Ligarski, ‘Mundial Espana ’82’.

12. Łoniewski, ‘Mundial – Meksyk ’86’.

13. Woźniak, ‘Polish Football under Transition’.

14. Armstrong and Giulianotti, ‘Fear and Loathing’, 1–2.

15. Giulianotti, Football, 10.

16. Benkwitz and Molnar, ‘Interpreting and Exploring Football Fan Rivalries’.

17. Dmowski, ‘Geographical typology of European football rivalries’.

18. Tyler and Cobbs, ‘Rival conceptions of rivalry’.

19. Karanfil, ‘An empirical analysis of European football rivalries based on on-field performances’.

20. Antonowicz and Wrzesiński, ‘Kibice jako wspólnota niewidzialnej religii’, 127.

21. Szogs, ‘Loyalty Jungle: Flexible Football Fan Identities in the Framework of EURO 2012’.

22. FREE, ‘Survey of Football in European Public Opinion (CATI). Top Line Data Report’ (N = 7245).

23. CBOS, Stosunek do innych narodów. Komunikat z badań [Attitude towards other nations. Research report], https://www.cbos.pl/SPISKOM.POL/2018/K_037_18.PDF (accessed 31 December 2018) (N = 1057).

24. ABC Rynek i Opinie. ‘Polacy kibicują Hiszpanii i Brazylii’ [Poles support Spain and Brazil], Bankier, 29 June 2010 (N = 591).

25. IRC, Komu oprócz polskiej reprezentacji będziemy kibicować na EURO 2012? [Who will we support besides Poland at EURO 2012?], Newsweek, 21 May 2012 (N = 1056).

26. Sebastian Kucharski, ‘Mundial: kogo będziemy tylko oglądać, a komu kibicować? W czołówce Polska i Niemcy’ [Mundial: who shall we only watch and who shall we support? Poland and Germany on the lead], Wyborcza, 12 June 2018.

27. Hobsbawm and Ranger, ‘Inventing traditions’.

28. Benedikter and Wojtaszyn, ‘Football Politics in Central Eastern Europe’.

29. Dmowski and Szałański, ‘Globalna gra’, 158.

30. Kuper, Soccer Against the Enemy, 4–18.

31. Tomasz Kalemba, ‘Był świadkiem agresji na Krym, teraz wspomnienia wróciły. Nie boi się krytykować Putina’ [He witnessed agression on Crimea, now memories are back. Not afraid of criticizing Putin], Onet Sport, 22 June 2018.

32. Jarosław Bińczyk, ‘FIFA podjęła decyzję w sprawie Domagoja Vidy, który po meczu z Rosją wsparł Ukrainę’ [FIFA made a decision on Domagoj Vida, who supported Ukraine after the match against Russia], Wyborcza, 9 July 2018.

33. Anna Wróbel, ‘Kibice z Polski zadowoleni z mundialu w Rosji, poważnych incydentów nie było’ [Polish fans pleased with World Cup in Russia, no major incidents], Interia Sport, 29 June 2018.

34. Nimmo, ‘Propaganda in a New Orbit’.

35. ‘Polscy kibice o Rosji: nie wierzcie naszej telewizji!’ [Polish fans on Russia: do not believe our TV!], Sputnik News, 2 July 2018.

36. Jarkiewicz, Michał. ‘Jerzy Gorzelik kibicuje Niemcom. Nawet jeśli doszłoby do spotkania z Polską’ [Jerzy Gorzelik supports Germans. Even if they play against Poland], Dziennik Zachodni, 18 June 2018.

37. ‘Dziennikarz o zwycięstwie Francji: “Wygrała najbardziej wielokulturowa drużyna. Imigranci ciężko pracują na sukces kraju”’ [Journalist on France victory: ‘The most multicultural team won. Immigrants work hard for country’s success’’], Prawda Obiektywna.

38. FREE, ‘Survey of Football in European Public Opinion (CATI). Top Line Data Report’.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Science Center (Poland) [2018/30/M/HS6/00866].

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