State policymakers on Latvian, English, and Russian in higher education in Latvia: language ideological debates through the lens of argumentation analysis

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the positions of state policymakers in Latvia on Latvian, English, and Russian in higher education. By using argumentation analysis, the study explores policymakers’ statements in two public debates: on the use of Russian as a medium of instruction (May 2018–June 2020) and on the use of English as a language of doctoral theses (November–December 2019). The paper shows that the main difference of opinion among policymakers is about the role of the state in university language policies. Through a focus on the discursive elements in policymaking, four responses to language use in academia are outlined: firstly, the dominant nationalising discourse, which is reinforced to insist on the need for the state to continue with its nationalising language policies; secondly, the globalising discourse, which is manifested in the statements of the same policymakers to justify the state’s support to English, but not Russian; the final two discourses emphasise that universities should be autonomous to implement their own language policies, yet one of these is solely used to argue for institutional autonomy, whereas the other links autonomy with arguments that suggest construing Russian in academia as a right and a resource, not as a problem.

KEYWORDS:

• Language policy
• higher education
• state
• language ideological debates
• argumentation analysis
• Latvia

Acknowledgements

I would like to express my thanks to Sanita Martena for her valuable comments on an earlier draft.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

I confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available from the author upon request.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Kerttu Rozenvalde

Kerttu Rozenvalde is a research fellow in language policy at the University of Tartu. Among her fields of research are language policies and higher education policies, particularly in Estonia and Latvia. She is currently conducting a research project on language use and attitudes in a multilingual university in Estonia in order to understand the relationship between the sustainability of Estonian as language of higher education, and multilingual language use in university. Her PhD thesis investigated language policies in higher education comparatively in Estonia and Latvia. Earlier, she has worked at the University of Latvia, and been part of the working group that carried out large-scale macro-sociolinguistic studies on language situation in Latvia.