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Acknowledgements
I thank Nicholas Khoo and Wang Kan for their comments on earlier versions of this manuscript.
Notes
1 Freedom House Citation2022.
2 Lu et al Citation2017, 17.
3 China Labor Bulletin Citation2022; AsiaNews Citation2022.
4 The following discussion on Zhuang Liehong’s experience was based on accounts described in Lu et al Citation2017, 6-7.
5 Lu et al Citation2017, 6.
6 The reported number for the size of the land involved varies from approximately 500 acres to over 2,000 acres. Fewsmith Citation2012, 1; Mooney Citation2012; Lu et al Citation2017, 5.
7 Economy Citation2011; Lu et al Citation2017, 5.
8 Wang Citation2012.
9 Bakken and Wang Citation2011, 253.
10 Wang Citation2012.
11 Huhe et al Citation2022.
12 Associated Press Citation2022.
13 Huhe et al Citation2022.
14 O’Brien and Li Citation2006.
15 O’Brien and Li Citation2006, 2-3.
16 Dickson Citation2016.
17 Chen Citation2012, 112-113.
18 Dickson Citation2021, 150-151.
19 Davidson and Yu Citation2022.
20 O'Brien and Han Citation2009, 361-363.
21 O’Brien and Han Citation2009, 373.
22 Martinez-Bravo et al Citation2022; Loh Citation2022.
23 Huhe et al Citation2022.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
John W. Tai
John W. Tai is a professorial lecturer at The George Washington University and a China analyst. He is the author of Building Civil Society in Authoritarian China (Springer, 2015). He can be contacted at [email protected].