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Abstract
While the ageing process occurs both in males and females, the latter have the added effects of the changes brought about by the menopause. The review characterises the many menopausal changes that the decrease in oestrogens produces in neural, skeletal, circulatory and genital systems. Many of these changes can adversely affect the sexual functioning of women. The increase in female lifespan means that women can spend 30–40 years in the postmenopausal condition. Treatments need to be developed to ensure that their healthspan (those years spent without chronic-age related dysfunctions) is also increased.
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Notes
1. Natsal-3, British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes & Lifestyles of 15,000 adults aged 16–74 between September 2010 and August 2012 who participated in interviews and questionnaires. The latter can be found at www.natsal.ac.ukmedia82473/bl.capi and casi questionnaire.pdf. Publications based on Natsal-3 can be found at www.natsal.ac.uk/natsal-3/publications.
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Notes on contributors
R.J. Levin
Roy J. Levin, MSc, PhD, was reader in physiology in the Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, from 1977 until his retirement in 2000. He is presently honorary research associate at the Sexual Physiology Laboratory, Porterbrook Clinic, Sheffield. In 2005, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the World Association of Sexology (WAS, now the World Association for Sexual Health) for his work in sexology and sexual health and in June 2011, he was given the honour of the fellowship of the Sheffield Society for the Study of Sex and Relationships for his studies on the physiological mechanisms of human sexual arousal. In 2014, he became the vice chair of the Gold Medal Awards Committee of the World Association of Sexual Health (WAS).