Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of ENRICH scale for marital satisfaction in Pashto

Abstract

This study was conducted to validate the Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication and Happiness (ENRICH) scale in Pashto was conducted in tertiary care teaching hospitals of Peshawar from August to October 2021 on 658 married women. The mean age of the sample was 29.56 ± 7.99 years. Majority were uneducated (n = 335, 50.9%) and were unemployed (n = 566, 86.0%) respectively. ENRICH was translated from English to Pashto, using the forward-backward method by three bilingual experts and the translated scale given to the participants to find out the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha reliability, and construct validity of ENRICH (Pashto version). The scale appeared as a three-factor model on factorial validity and the items of the scale were inter-correlated (p <.01). Regarding construct validity, the factor loading through Item Total Correlation scores revealed highly satisfactory correlation coefficients (p <.001). The Cronbach’s alpha reliability of the Pashto version of ENRICH was 0.847. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated a good fit model with 0.926 and the RMSEA value of .067. On ENRICH, the majority were maritally satisfied (n = 408, 62.01%). It is concluded that the Pashto version of ENRICH is a reliable instrument and has promising psychometric properties to measure marital satisfaction in different clinical settings.

LAY SUMMARY

This is the first research study validating ENRICH scale for marital satisfaction, conducted on 658 married Pashto speaking women on an important subject to cover with an impact on not only the individual but also on the family. The translated scale was found to be reliable with excellent psychometric properties.

Keywords:

• ENRICH
• Pashto
• translation
• validation

Acknowledgement

The authors acknowledge the patients that cooperated in becoming a part of this study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Rabia Kareem

Rabia Kareem works as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mercy teaching hospital, Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad - Pakistan. She has papers in international and national journals and has recently published a mixed methods study on “The effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the menstrual pattern and mental health of the medical students” in PLOS One. She has a special interest of working on introducing interventions which will improve women’s gynecological and mental health especially during the perinatal period.

Rukhsana Karim

Rukhsana Karim works as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar - Pakistan. She has special interest of working in the field of mother and child health. Her recent publication is on non-communicable diseases as a cause of maternal mortality.

Mifrah Rauf Sethi

Mifrah Rauf Sethi is working as a Senior Clinical Psychologist in the Department of Mental Health, Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad - Pakistan. Besides her role in Psychology, she has left an indelible mark, guiding and nurturing undergraduate medical students in research. As a Ph.D. scholar, she has showcased an unwavering commitment to psychology’s advancement, reflected in over 25 publications in prestigious journals like PLoS One, JPMA and JPMI. Her participation in the Senate at Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University member highlights her role in shaping academic policies.

Sumaira Inayat

Sumaira Inayat has worked as a Senior registrar in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in NorthWest General Hospital and Research center Peshawar - Pakistan (Northwest School of Medicine Peshawar). Her area of interest involves problem of patients with subfertility.

Samdana Wahab

Samdana Wahab works as an Associate Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mercy teaching hospital, Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad - Pakistan. She has a number of publications in international and national journals. She has recently published her study on “Comparison of complications in vaginal delivery versus vaginal delivery with episiotomy”. She has special interest of working in endoscopic surgeries and Urogynecology.

Mahjabina S Ghayur

Mahjabina S. Ghayur works as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar - Pakistan.

Naila Nasr Malik

Naila Nasr Malik has worked as an Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuwait Teaching Hospital, Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad – Pakistan.

Muhammad Irfan

Muhammad Irfan is the head of the Department of Mental Health, Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad – Pakistan. He also serves as the Director Research and Chairman Institutional Review Board of Prime Foundation. He is currently the President-Elect of the World Association of Cultural Psychiatry; President of the Pakistan Association of Medical Editors; Director Research and Innovation of Asian Cognitive Behaviour Therapies Association; and Chief Editor of Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute and Associate Editor of Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society. He is the former President of the Pakistan Association of Cognitive Therapists; former provincial chapter chief of the Pakistan Psychiatric Society; and the first and only Pakistani to be elected as a council member of the Committee On Publication Ethics (COPE). He has published extensively in high-impact factor journals around the globe and has authored books and book chapters published by Oxford, Wiley, and Elsevier, among others.