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Articles

The Cold War in retrospect: too early to tell?

Pages 487-499 | Published online: 05 Sep 2014
 

Abstract

Rather than looking mainly at how the Cold War started or how it ended, this essay considers what happened in between. Taking into account divergences within the ‘Third World’ of developing nations, the retrospective view leads to the conclusion that the Cold War left most favourable long-term effects in those parts of the world where it had made the greatest impact.

Notes

Vojtech Mastny is a senior research fellow at the National Security Archive. He has taught history and international relations at Columbia University, the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies and the Naval War College, among other institutions. Email: [email protected]

 1 Barry Buzan, People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post Cold War Era (Boulder, CO Lynne Rienner, 1991), p. 275; Michael MccGwire, Military Objectives in Soviet Foreign Policy (Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution Press, 1987), p. 24; Hedley Bull, The Control of the Arms Race (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1961), p. 48.

 2 Jeremi Suri, Power and Protest: Global Revolution and the Rise of Détente (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003).

 3 William Odom, “The Origins and Design of Presidential Decision-59: A Memoir,” in Getting MAD: Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction, Its Origins and Practice, ed. Henry D. Sokolski (Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute, 2004), pp. 175–96.

 4 Henry Kissinger, Years of Renewal (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999), p. 642.

 5 Odd Arne Westad, The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p 396.

 6 Kissinger in International Herald Tribune, November 12, 1977, quoted in Robert S. Litwak, Détente and the Nixon Doctrine: American Foreign Policy and the Pursuit of Stability, 1969–1976 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), p. 48.

 7 Myron Rush, “Fortune and Fate,” National Interest 31 (1993): 19–25.

 8 Putin to the Duma, April 25, 2005, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4481455.stm.

 9 John F. Kennedy: “Inaugural Address,” January 20, 1961, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid = 8032. Geoffrey Barraclough, An Introduction to Contemporary History (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1967), p. 10.

10 Vojtech Mastny, “Superpower Diplomacy,” in Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy, Vol 3, ed. Alexander DeConde, Richard Dean Burns, and Fredrik Logevall (New York: Scribner, 2002), pp. 513–30.

11 Geir Lundestad, “Empire by Invitation? The United States and Western Europe, 1945–1952,” Journal of Peace Research 23, no. 3 (August 1986): 263–77.

12 Ben J. Wattenberg, The First Universal Nation (New York: Free Press, 1990).

13 As quoted in Alan Riding, “Conflict in Yugoslavia: Europeans Send High-Level Team,” New York Times, June 29, 1991.

14 Luxembourg Report, October 27, 1970, http://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/ 1999/4/22/4176efc3-c734-41e5-bb90-d34c4d17bbb5/publishable_en.pdf.

15 Sikorski on November 28, 2011, http://www.theglobalist.com/what-poland-asks-of-germany-and-britain/.

16 Sebastian Hamisch and Hanns Maull, eds., Germany as a Civilian Power? The Foreign Policy of the Berlin Republic (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001).

17 George H.W. Bush in Prague on November 17, 1990, quoted in Robert L. Hutchings, American Diplomacy and the End of the Cold War: An Insider's Account of U.S. Policy in Europe, 1989–1992 (Washington, D.C: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1997), p. 148.

18 Sinnathamby Rajaratnam, “ASEAN: The Way Ahead,” in The ASEAN Reader, ed. Kernial Singh Sandhu (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1992), pp. xxiii–xxvi, at p. xxvi.

19 Thomas Perry Thornton, “The Security of South Asia: Analysis and Speculation,” in The Security of South Asia: American and Asian Perspectives, ed. Stephen P. Cohen (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987), p. 218.

20 Bharat Karnad, Nuclear Weapons and Indian Security: The Realist Foundations of Strategy (New Delhi: Macmillan India, 2002), pp. 494 and 609.

21 Francis Fukuyama, “The End of History?” National Interest 16 (Summer 1989): 3–18. Samuel P. Huntington, “The Clash of Civilizations?” Foreign Affairs 72, no. 3 (summer 1993): 22–49.

22 John Mueller, Quiet Cataclysm: Reflections on the Recent Transformation of World Politics (New York: HarperCollins, 1995).

23 Stewart Patrick, “The Unruled World: The Case for Good Enough Global Governance,” Foreign Affairs 93, no. 1 (January-February 2014): 58–73.

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