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SYNTHESIS

How to increase technology transfers to developing countries: a synthesis of the evidence

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Pages 320-340 | Published online: 29 Sep 2011
 

Abstract

The existing United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has failed to deliver the rate of low-carbon technology transfer (TT) required to curb GHG emissions in developing countries. This failure has exposed the limitations of universalism and renewed interest in bilateral approaches to TT. Gaps are identified in the UNFCCC approach to climate change TT: missing links between international institutions and the national enabling environments that encourage private investment; a non-differentiated approach for (developing) country and technology characteristics; and a lack of clear measurements of the volume and effectiveness of TTs. Evidence from econometric literature and business experience on climate change TT is reviewed, so as to address the identified pitfalls of the UNFCCC process. Strengths and weaknesses of different methodological approaches are highlighted. International policy recommendations are offered aimed at improving the level of emission reductions achieved through TT.

La Convention cadre des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique (CCNUCC) actuelle a échoué en ce qui concerne le taux de transfert des technologies sobres en carbone requises pour réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) dans les pays en développement. Cet échec a exposé les limites de l'universalisme et créé un regain d'intérêt pour les approches bilatérales au transfert de technologies. Des failles ont été identifiées dans la démarche de la CCNUCC par rapport au transfert de technologies: liens manquants entre institutions internationales et circonstances nationales favorables à l'investissement privé; une approche non différenciée entre pays (en développement) et les caractéristiques de la technologie; et un manque de clarté pour mesurer l'ampleur et l'effectivité des transferts de technologies. Les résultats de publications économétriques et d'expérience d'entreprises dans le transfert de technologies liées au changement climatique furent examinés, de manière à identifier et aborder les failles du processus de la CCNUCC. Les forces et faiblesses de différentes méthodologies furent mises en relief. Des recommandations de politique internationale sont faites dans le but d'augmenter le niveau de réduction d'émissions à atteindre grâce au transfert de technologies.

Notes

As declared by Nitin Desai, from the Indian delegation in ‘When Two's Company’, Times of India, 4 January 2010.

The term ‘BRIC countries’ was coined by the firm Goldman Sachs to refer to Brazil, Russia, India and China as a group of large and fast growing economies.

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