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SYNTHESIS

Creating a mutual gains climate regime through universal clean energy services

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Pages 505-520 | Published online: 10 Jan 2012
 

Abstract

Climate change is a serious threat to all nations. This raises the question of why continuous treaty negotiations for more than two decades have failed to create a viable or adequate international climate regime. The current strategy of addressing climate change misdiagnoses the issue as a pollution problem by focusing on symptoms (emissions) and not on underlying causes (unsustainable development). In short, the wrong treaty is being negotiated. Drawing on negotiation analysis, it is argued that the existing and proposed climate treaties fail to meet the national interests of any party. An alternative strategy for addressing climate change is proposed that reframes the overall approach to reflect all countries’ development needs and links climate protection goals to the development structure of the treaty. The current deadlock over emissions reductions might be overcome and a mutual gains agreement reached by directing international cooperation towards promoting the provision of clean energy services for development and ensuring universal access to those services as part of an ‘early action’ agenda that will complement efforts to utilize forests and reduce other GHGs from multiple sectors.

Résumé

Le changement climatique est une menace sérieuse pour toutes les nations. Ce qui amène à s'interroger sur les raisons pour lesquelles des négociations continuelles d'un traité étendues sur plus de deux décennies n'aient su bâtir un régime climatique international adéquat et viable. La stratégie actuelle de lutte contre le changement climatique fait un mauvais diagnostique de la problématique, vue en tant que problème de pollution en se ciblant sur les symptômes (émissions) et non sur les causes sous-jacentes (développement non soutenable). En bref, c'est le mauvais traité qui est négocié. Sur la base d'une analyse des négociations, il est postulé que les traités climatiques existants et proposés échouent à satisfaire les intérêts nationaux de toute partie. Une autre stratégie de lutte contre le changement climatique serait de recadrer l'approche d'ensemble, celle-ci intégrant les besoins en développement de chaque pays et liant les objectifs de protection du climat à la structure de développement du traité. L'impasse actuelle sur les réductions d’émissions pourrait être dépassée et un accord de gains mutuels atteint, en dirigeant la coopération internationale vers la promotion de provisions de services en énergie propre pour le développement et assurant un accès universel à ces services fidèle à l'agenda « action préalable » complémentant les efforts d'utilisation des forêts et de réduction des autres gaz à effet de serre émanant de multiples secteurs.

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank The Center for International Environment and Resource Policy at The Fletcher School, Tufts University for providing a postdoctoral fellowship to Mihaela Papa. We thank Lawrence Susskind, Judith Layzer, Fletcher students and graduates for their suggestions and the three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments.

Notes

Russian President Dmitri Medvedev, quoted in Shuster (2009).

George Bush refered to the American lifestyle when stating the US position at the 1992 Earth Summit.

In 2002, Australian Prime Minister Howard explained why Australia would not ratify the Kyoto Protocol (Howard, 2002).

Polish Environment Minister Maciej Nowicki quoted in AFP (2008).

India's environment and forests minister Jairam Ramesh quoted in Venu and Narendranath (2010).

See IPCC (Citation2007) for a discussion of the relationship between climate change and sustainable development.

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