Integrating climate and food policies in higher education: a case study of the University of California

ABSTRACT

Most climate change mitigation policies, including those of higher education institutions, do not include food system greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). Yet the food system contributes ∼30% of anthropogenic GHGE, mostly from animal source foods. Food system changes are necessary to meet GHGE mitigation targets and could do so relatively inexpensively and rapidly with major health, social and environmental co-benefits. To estimate the potential impact of integrating higher education institution climate and food policies, we used the case of the University of California (UC), comprising 10 campuses with 280,000 students. The UC is a leader in climate and food research, and has major policy initiatives for mitigating climate change and for promoting healthy, sustainable food systems. Like most higher education institutions, the UC climate change mitigation target for 2025 covers only Scope 1 and 2 GHGE (campus-generated and purchased energy), yet Scope 3 GHGE (indirect, including food system) are often institutions’ largest. We created scenarios using results of studies of US dietary changes, and existing, planned or potential UC food system changes. These scenarios could reduce UC Scope 3 food emissions by 42–55%, equivalent to 8–9% of UC’s targeted energy GHGE reduction, and 19–22% of offsets need to reach that target. These results have implications for broader climate policy in terms of food systems’ high GHGE, the health, environmental, economic and social benefits of food system changes, and ways these changes could be implemented. To our knowledge this is one of the first empirical studies of the potential for integrating climate and food policy in HEIs.

Key policy insights

• Most higher education institution climate policies, including those of the University of California (UC), do not include food system GHGE

• Research at higher education institutions makes major contributions to understanding the need to reduce food system GHGE to achieve Paris Agreement goals

• Higher education institutions, including UC, have made many food system changes, but their climate co-benefits are not optimized, documented or integrated with climate policies

• Our food system change scenarios show that UC’s food system could substantially reduce GHGE

• These changes can incentivize UC and other higher education institutions to integrate their climate and food policies.

KEY WORDS:

• climate policy and food policy integration
• climate change mitigation policy
• food system greenhouse gas emissions
• higher education institutions’ climate policies
• Scope 3 greenhouse emissions
• University of California

Acknowledgments

For sharing data, we thank especially Al Ferrone, Erin Fabris, and Joey Martin (UC Los Angeles), Danielle Kemp (UC Santa Barbara), Enid Partika, William Tanaka, and Keith Pezzoli (UC San Diego), Samantha Lubow (UC Berkeley) and Robert Stanton (UC Office of the President); for comments on drafts we thank Barbara Haya (UC Berkeley), Laura Schmidt (UC San Francisco), Wendy Slusser (UC Los Angeles), Daniela Soleri (UC Santa Barbara), and Sapna Thottahil (UC Office of the President); for comments during the review process we thank Joanna Depledge, editor of Climate Policy, and three anonymous reviewers. We are solely responsible for the content of this paper, and our statements and opinions do not represent the UC, UCSB, or UCLA.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).