Local governments as key agents in climate change adaptation: challenges and opportunities for institutional capacity-building in Mexico

ABSTRACT

Institutional capacity is one of the dimensions of adaptive capacity that determines the level and pace of climate change adaptation at the local level. Local governments are key actors in climate change adaptation because they have the responsibility to translate top-down risk information to vulnerable populations and can scale bottom-up initiatives of communities in adaptation planning. There is a need for integrated approaches for adaptive capacity building that incorporate specific capacities to tackle multiple climate risks and generic capacities to address basic needs for human development. In this analysis, we assess the institutional capacity profiles of local governments in Mexico through a cluster analysis to understand how different aspects of generic and specific capacities, which operate through bottom-up or top-down approaches, coincide in local governments. Our results show that local governments in Mexico can be grouped by type and level of institutional capacity, as follows: those that (1) engage in intergovernmental coordination; (2) focus on safety-first; (3) exhibit high capacities in transparency and citizen participation; and (4) are in a poverty trap. These groups reflect challenges for local governments in Mexico, including the need to resolve short-term crises, the lack of climate change awareness, and a low capacity to access and mobilize economic resources for adaptation. Conversely, horizontal and vertical coordination, transparency, and citizen participation are found to be key elements able to strengthen institutional capacities for adaptation. In the context of multiple climate risks and underdeveloped enabling conditions for adaptation, there is a need for strategic investment in capacities that are contextually relevant and that can reduce the adaptation gap for climate action in Mexico. Further analysis will be needed to evaluate how the mobilization of the institutional capacities by local governments in each group influences climate change adaptation outcomes, particularly differentiated for urban and rural contexts, as well as for metropolitan scales.

Key policy insights

• - Local governments in Mexico are faced with the challenge of resolving urgent and short-term issues, making it difficult to face climate change adaptation.

•  - Intergovernmental coordination is a key attribute that local governments can develop to address and overcome deficiencies in institutional capacities for climate change adaptation

•  - Administrative capacity, transparency, accountability, and public participation are critical elements for local governments and will assist them to access and mobilize economic resources for climate change adaptation.

KEYWORDS:

• Institutional capacity
• adaptive capacity
• local government
• intergovernmental coordination
• local adaptation
• Mexico

Acknowledgment

This article serves as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the doctorate degree in Sustainability Sciences, UNAM. The first author also acknowledges the PhD Program in Sustainability Sciences, UNAM “Posgrado en Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México” and to the Comisión Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) for the scholarship provided as a graduate student. We acknowledge the support of Transparencia Mexicana (the Mexican Chapter of Transparency International), particularly Vania Montalvo and Dulce Cano, for their support in the generation of the data and indicators used in the analysis.

Notes

1 http://rmgir.proyectomesoamerica.org/portal/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/3e7adf434b834775b11ca7504d62bfe6. Consulted on September 11th, 2021

2 http://rmgir.proyectomesoamerica.org/portal/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/3e7adf434b834775b11ca7504d62bfe6. Consulted on September 11th, 2021

Additional information

Funding

Funding for this project was provided by project number 00086487 from the Mexican Chapter of Transparency International and the United Nations Development Programme under their Collaborative Platform on Climate Change. Funding also came from Mexico's National Council on Science and Technology and their support for graduate research through scholarship number 276748/226133.