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Acknowledgements
Thanks to MK Czerwiec, John Grady and anonymous for editing early drafts; to Frederik Schodt, Camellia Nieh, and Yani Mentzas for help getting the Black Jack image permission; to the cartoonists (artists and writers) for permissions to use their images, and especially Stan Mack who also provided an editing suggestion with his illustration.
DISCLOSURE Statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
1 See Ian Williams’ article entitled Autography as Auto-Therapy: Psychic Pain and the Graphic Memoir (Journal of Medical Humanities. DOI 10.1007/s10912-011-9158-0).
2 Graphic Medicine Manifesto (Penn State Press, © 2015); The Graphic Medicine Manifesto’s authors medical or academic backgrounds are MK Czerwiec is a nurse and artist-in-residence at Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine; Ian Williams is a medical doctor and author of several graphic medicine works (including The Bad Doctor and The Lady Doctor), Penn State Press, 2014 & 2019, respectively; Susan Merrill Squier is Brill Professor of Women’s Studies and English at Penn State; Michael J. Green is medical doctor and Professor of Humanities and Medicine at the Penn State College of Medicine; Kimberly R. Myers is Associate Professor of Humanities at Penn State College of Medicine; and Scott T. Smith is Associate Professor of English at Penn State.
3 Alice is a health science librarian and Multimedia Editor at the graphic medicine website; and Matthew is Lead Collection & Knowledge Management Librarian at Countway Library, Harvard Medical School.
4 Some information about the Drawing Blood exhibition is still available at https://library.osu.edu/exhibits/drawing-blood-comics-and-medicine as of May 5, 2022. After the exhibition closed, Professor Gardner continued posting at https://drawing-blood.org/.
5 The review of the Drawing Blood exhibition is posted at https://www.graphicmedicine.org/drawing-blood-comics-medicine-exhibit/.
6 Psychoanalysis had four comic book issues published from March/April 1955–September/October 1955. MD had five comic book issues published April/May 1955–December/January 1956. Both had William M. Gaines, publisher and reprinted in 1988 by Russ Cochran in hard cover volumes as part of boxed sets with other EC New Direction titles. The quotes appear in the Cochran reprint first MD issue inside cover and back page, respectively.
7 The undated Sad-Case of Waiting Room Willie was reprinted in The Comics Journal: The Magazine of Comics News & Criticism, Number 267, April/May 2005, pp. 151–165. This comic was ‘Produced and printed by the American Visuals Corporation’ which according to the Comic Vine (https://comicvine.gamespot.com/american-visuals-corporation/4010-2313/) was founded by Will Eisner in 1951, so timing for Sad-Case of Waiting Room Willie’s publication is suspect, especially since President Truman first proposed national healthcare in 1945; and this article (see https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/education/presidential-inquiries/challenge-national-healthcare) from the Truman Library implies that Truman’s proposal died when the Republican party took over the House of Representatives in 1946. Weblinks accessed 5/5/2022.
8 The source for Tezuka’s biographical information is the manga The Osamu Tezuka Story: A Life in Manga and Anime by Toshio Ban and Tezuka Productions and translated by Frederik L Schodt (1992-original/2016-translation, Stone Bridge Press).
9 https://www.graphicmedicine.org/why-graphic-medicine/ on May 5, 2022.
10 COVID-19 comics can be found at https://www.graphicmedicine.org/covid-19-comics/.
11 COVID-related books include two with the same title: COVID Chronicles by Ethan Sacks and Dalibor Talajić (AWA Upshot, 2020) or an anthology edited by Kendra Boileau and Rich Johnson (Graphic Mundi, 2021).
12 The three volumes of Earth Before Us are Dinosaur Empire in 2017, Mammal Takeover in 2019, Ocean and Renegades in 2020 published by Amulet Books.
13 Medical Mentions’ examples can be found at I, II, III, IV, V. (e.g., https://www.graphicmedicine.org/medical-mentions-book-reviews-i/).
14 The original version of Consent was a self-published mini-comic – also by Rotman – called Not on My Watch: A Bystander’s Handbook for the Prevention of Sexual Violence (2016).
15 Draw Stronger started as two self-published mini-comics before being picked up by publisher. They were entitled First Aid for Drawing Injuries: Pain Is Your Frenemy (2015) and (No) Pain: Guide to Injury Prevention for Cartoonists (2012).
16 Medicine for My Big Brother is by Agata Antonow and illustrated by Nathan Leuth about a child diagnosed with PDD-NOS (pervasive development disorder, not otherwise specified). Additional advisors for Medicine for My Big Brother included James G. Balestrieri; Jeff Kruker, PhD; Nicolette Weisensel, MD, and Katie Gutierrez. This work is part of part of The ORP (‘Oconomowoc Residential Programs Inc. is an employee-owned family of companies making a difference in the lives of people with disabilities … with service locations in Wisconsin and Indiana … ’) Library. It was published by Round Table Press in 2016. More information can be found at https://www.orplibrary.com/ accessed 5/6/2022.
17 Endodontocomix can be found at this unsecure website (use at own risk): http://www.endodontocomix.com/ accessed 5/6/2022.
18 The Fairfax County titles include What’s Bugging You? Mosquitoes and Ticks (2011), Fight the Bite (2012), and The Sinister Secret of the Stinky Storm Drain (2013) and created and drawn by Joe Sutliff. More information can be found at www.fairfaxcounty.gov/fightthebite accessed 5/6/2022.
19 The Invisible War has several authors and medical collaborators: Briony Barr, Dr. Gregory Crocetti, Ailsa Wild, Dr. Jeremy Barr, and illustrated by Ben Hutchings. This work was published by Scale Free Network in 2016. You can find out more about this work at https://theinvisiblewar.com.au/ accessed 5/6/2022.
20 Survive! Volume 1: The Digestive System, Volume 2: The Circulatory System, and Volume 3: The Nervous System Survive! were co-created by Gondori Co. and Hyun-Dong Han, translated arranged with Mrae N Co. Ltd and published by No Starch Press (see https://nostarch.com/search/survive). My reference to Fantastic Voyage is about the 1966 movie of using a miniature submarine to destroy a deadly blood clot in the brain.
21 Comic strips are typically 1–4 panels with a gag joke in the last panel. There are also soap opera type comic strips. An example of a graphic medicine soap opera strip is Nicholas P. Dallis’ and Marvin Bradley’s Rex Morgan, MD (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex_Morgan,_M.D.). Rex Morgan has had several writers and artists since its creation in 1948. Weblinks accessed 5/6/2022.
22 The Doonesbury titles include: Long Road Home: One Step at a Time (with foreword by Senator John McCain, 2005), The War Within: One More Step at a Time (2006), Signature Wound: Rocking TBI (2010), and Mel’s Story: Surviving Sexual Assault (2014) all published by Andrews McMeel.
23 Dementia 21 in two volumes: 1 (2018) and 2 (2020), translated from Japanese by Rachel Matt Thorne and published by Fantagraphics Books; second quote from page 82 of Volume 1.
24 For example, there’s a Call for Proposals: Accessible Comics Design Competition ‘Following two public forums on Comics for Blind and Low Vision Readers, SF State’s Accessible Comics Collective seeks proposals from individuals or teams to produce comics in accessible formats’. More information can be found at https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQChkR54SxATOKaQzp6ldgnmez63Le4MANYZ0HNttx9Uu38RaaVxnmhENJRPjKVLFGItXJo_0n6XudH/pub as of 5/12/2022.
25 The Dailies of a Junior Doc can be found at this website: https://www.webtoons.com/en/challenge/dailies-of-a-junior-doc/list?title_no=263335&page=1 as of 5/31/2022.
26 Annals of Internal Medicine Graphic Medicine resource can be found at https://www.acpjournals.org/topic/web-exclusives/annals-graphic-medicine as of 5/16/2022; where ‘Annals Graphic Medicine brings together original graphic narratives, comics, animation/feature, and other creative forms by those who provide or receive health care. They address medically relevant topics—be they poignant, thought-provoking, or just plain entertaining’. The first entry was Michael Green’s Missed It at https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-158-5-201303050-00013.
27 The Library of Congress’ May 2022 accepted changes can be found at https://classweb.org/approved-subjects/2204.html.
28 The sister sites are for Spain (https://medicinagrafica.wordpress.com/), Japan (https://graphicmedicine.jp/about-en/), Italy (https://graphicmedicineitalia.org/), and Germany (http://www.fsgs.fu-berlin.de/pathographics).
29 O’Luanaigh’s article can be found at https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2010/jul/16/favourite-medical-graphic-novels as of 5/9/2022.
30 Green, Michael J. and Kimberly R Myers article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c863 (Published 03 March 2010) as of 5/16/2022. Cite this as: BMJ 2010;340:c863.
31 University of Michigan graphic medicine information can be found at https://guides.lib.umich.edu/graphicmedicine as of 5/16/2022.
32 Information about the NIH NLM Graphic Medicine exhibition can be found at https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/graphicmedicine/index.html as of 5/16/2022.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Kevin Wolf
Kevin Wolf is the Book Review Editor at www.graphicmedicine.org, health actuary, Fellow of the Society of Actuaries, Member of the American Academy of Actuaries, and lifelong comics fan.