Feeding management of dairy cattle affect grassland dynamics in an alpine pasture

ABSTRACT

The effect of different supplementary feeding rates for grazing cattle on high-altitude pastures dynamics was evaluated. A field experiment was carried out during three years in a subalpine pasture area of the Eastern Alps. The investigated pasture area was 40 ha, located between 1820 and 2230 m a.s.l. Two paddocks were chosen in the experiment and two herds of 12 cattle each were kept in the two enclosures for 5 weeks. For the first herd (HS), the supplementary feeding rate was 4.8 kg OM head⁻¹ per day, while for the second herd (LS), the rate was 1.6 kg OM head⁻¹ per day. The amount of herbage consumed by each cattle was determined using the n-alkane technique. To monitor the pasture vegetation dynamics, eight metal exclusion cages were placed in each paddock to determine herbage growth, utilization rates, vegetation composition and animal grazing selectivity. Grazing behaviour of dairy cattle, in terms of herbage intake and species selection was affected by the different feeding rates. Cattle grazing Paddock HS consumed 1.9 kg OM day⁻¹ of herbage less than Paddock LS. In the LS paddock, cattle grazed higher phytomass rates. When the animals were fed by higher concentrate rates, a more selective grazing seemed to significantly increase the pasture necromass component. The lower grazing selectivity favoured the development of species as Nardus stricta and Deschampsia caespitosa, which are well known for their low palatability. Distinct vegetation dynamic patterns were observed, with a reduction of hair grass and an increase of legumes in the Paddock LS.

KEYWORDS:

• Alpine pasture
• dairy cattle
• supplementary feeding
• plant selection
• grassland dynamic

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Trento Breeders’ Federation for the availability of Malga Juribello and for their efforts in organizing the trial.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

ORCID

Damiano Gianelle http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7697-5793

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Autonomous Province of Trento (Provincia Autonoma di Trento) [Progetto ‘Forma’] (Italy) with the ‘Forma’ project.