India's Defense Strategy and the India-ASEAN Relationship

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Notes

1. Sudha Ramachandran, “India Navy Drops Another Anchor,” Asia Times, October 17, 2006, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HJ17Df02.html

2. K. M. Panikkar, India and the Indian Ocean: An Essay on the Influence of Sea Power on Indian History (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1945), p. 96.

3. Zhang Ming, “The Malacca Dilemma and the Chinese Navy's Strategic Choices,” Modern Ships Vol. 274 (October 2006), p. 23.

4. A. K. Dhar, “Indian Air Force Carries out Exercise from Andaman Islands Base,” Press Trust of India, April 15, 2005, http://www.ptinews.com.

5. Rajat Pandit, “Strategically-important A&N Command to Get a Boost,” Times of India, February 6, 2010, http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-06/india/28115911_1_anc-airfield-andamans

6. “Interview with Admiral Arun Prakash, Chief of Naval Staff, Indian Navy,” Asian Defense Journal (October 2005), p. 22.

7. Indian Navy, Freedom to Use the Seas: India's Maritime Military Strategy (New Delhi: Author, May 2007.

8. James R. Holmes, Andrew C. Winner, and Toshi Yoshihara, Indian Naval Strategy in the Twenty-First Century (Abingdon: Routledge, 2009), p. 154.

9. The most likely invasion route of the Soviet Union into West Germany. Robert D. Kaplan, “Center Stage for the Twenty-First Century,” Foreign Affairs Vol. 88, No. 2 (2009), pp. 16–29, p. 25.

10. Integrated Headquarters, Ministry of Defense (Navy), Indian Maritime Doctrine (New Delhi: Author, 2004), p. 64.

11. “China afraid of India's naval presence in the Ocean,” Zeenews.com, August 13, 2009, http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/china-afraid-of-india-s-naval-presence-in-the-ocean_555196.html

12. John W. Garver, Protracted Contest: Sino-Indian Rivalry in the Twentieth Century (Washington: University of Washington Press, 2001), p. 277.

13. Vishnu Makhijani, “Indian Navy Awaits Regional Nod for Patrolling Malacca Straits,” Indo-Asian News Service, June 7, 2006, http://news.monstersandcritics.com/india/news/article_1170697.php/Indian_Navy_awaits_regional_nod_for_patrolling_Malacca_Straits

14. Gurpreet S. Khurana, “Safeguarding the Malacca Straits,” IDSA Comment, January 5, 2005, http://www.idsa.in/idsastrategiccomments/SafeguardingtheMalaccaStraits_GUKhurana_050105

15. Shiv Aroor, “Centre Approves Navy's Malacca Plan,” Indian Express, January 11, 2006.

16. P. S. Suryanarayana, “Indonesia for Defense Tie-Up With India,” The Hindu, June 5, 2007, http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/05/stories/2007060502201100.htm

17. “Thai to Join RI Patrolling Malacca Strait,” The Jakarta Post, March 5, 2009, http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/03/05/thai-join-ri-patrolling-malacca-strait.html This conveniently extended the definition of the Malacca Strait north towards Indian waters.

18. “Indonesia Asks India to Help Maintain Malacca Strait Security,” Xinhua, March 5, 2009, http://newshopper.sulekha.com/indonesia-asks-india-to-help-maintain-malacca-strait-security_news_1043759.htm

19. P. S. Suryanarayana, “Indonesia to “Learn” From India's Defense Sector,” The Hindu, June 18, 2010, http://www.thehindu.com/news/indonesia-to-learn-from-indias-defence-sector/article469910.ece

20. Recent arrangements for joint training for the French Scorpene submarines being acquired by both India and Malaysia, including the training of Indian trainees at Malaysia's Kota Kinabalu naval base, represents a significant symbolic and practical development for the two navies that have had relatively little interaction in the past. “Sabah Navy Base to Be ‘World's First’ Scorpene Training Centre,” The Malaysian Insider, October 15, 2012, http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/sabah-navy-base-to-be-worlds-first-scorpene-training-centre

21. The Bay of Bengal Initiative for MultiSectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation organization.

22. Something acknowledged by Singapore's current Prime Minister. Sunanda K. Datta-Ray, Looking East to Look West: Lee Kuan Yew's Mission India (Singapore: Penguin, 2009), p. 328.

23. Sandy Gordon, “India ‘Looks East’ as History,” East Asia Forum, July 17, 2010, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/07/17/india-looks-east-as-history/

24. Goh Chok Tong, “Constructing East Asia,” Speech to Asia Society, 15th Asian Corporate Conference, Bangkok, June 9, 2005, http://www.asiasociety.org.

25. Brigadier-General Lee Hsien Loong, “Security Options for Small States,” Straits Times, November 6, 1984.

26. Although for historical reasons, the Indian Air Force has been the leading armed service in developing a relationship with Malaysia.

27. See, generally, David Brewster, “India's Security Partnership with Singapore,” The Pacific Review Vol. 22, No. 5 (December 2009), pp. 597–618.

28. Pranab Mukherjee, Address to the 5th IISS Asian Security Summit, June 3, 2006, http://www.iiss.org.

29. K. Kesavapany, India's Tryst with Asia (New Delhi: Asian Institute of Transport Development, 2006), p. 48.

30. C. Raja Mohan, “India's Geopolitics and Southeast Asian Security,” Southeast Asian Affairs (2008), pp. 43–60.

31. According to Defense Minister, George Fernandes. See “India Must Not Ignore S.E. Asia: Fernandes,” The Hindu, March 28, 2000.

32. Bharat Karnad, “China Uses Pak, Vietnam Opens to India,” Express India, October 3, 2005, http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=55789

33. See generally, David Brewster, “The Strategic Relationship Between India and Vietnam: The Search for a Diamond on the South China Sea?” Asian Security Vol. 5, Issue 1 (January 2009), pp. 24–44.

34. India Defense Consultants, “What's Hot?—Analysis of Recent Happenings—Indian Navy Update,” IDC Analysis, November 20, 2005, http://www.indiadefense.com/whatshot.html.

35. Rahul Bedi, “Strategic Realignments,” Frontline Vol. 20, Issue 13 (2003), http://www.frontline.in.

36. Panikkar, India and the Indian Ocean (see note 2 above), p. 85.

37. Sridhar Kumaraswami, “India Eyes South China Sea Pearl,” Asian Age, June 26, 2011, http://archive.asianage.com/india/india-eyes-south-china-sea-pearl-563

38. Gautam Datt, “India Against Direct Intervention in South China Sea Disputes Despite Having Stakes in the Region,” India Today, August 8, 2012, http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/south-china-sea-india-agaianst-direct-intervention-in-disputes/1/212305.html

39. See generally, David Brewster, “The Evolving Security Relationship Between India and Indonesia,” Asian Survey Vol. 51, No. 2 (March/April 2011), pp. 221–244.

40. Mohammed Ayoob, India and Southeast Asia: Indian Perceptions and Policies (London: Routledge, 1990), p. 36.

41. “Indonesia and Malaysia Keen on Buying Brahmos,” Frontier India Strategic and Defense, April 13, 2007, http://www.frontierindia.net.

42. Dr. V. Suryanarayan, “Malaysian Indian Society in Ferment,” South Asia Analysis Group, Paper No. 2880, October 14, 2008, http://southasiaanalysis.org.

43. Bertil Lintner, “Enter the Dragon,” Far Eastern Economic Review, December 22, 1994, p. 24.