ABSTRACT
Introduction: The therapeutic utility of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is currently being evaluated in multiple sclerosis (MS) in line with the better understanding of the role of B lymphocytes in MS pathogenesis.
Area covered: We conducted a literature search using Medline/Pub Med database of basic research and available controlled trials about anti-CD20 mAbs in MS. Additionally, ongoing studies were identified in the ClinicalTrials.gov database. B cells exert multiple inflammatory and regulatory functions playing an important role in MS pathogenesis as is demonstrated by the production of autoantibodies, infiltration of B cells in MS lesions and the formation of ectopic B cell follicle-like structures in meninges, among others. B-cell depletion by anti-CD20 mAbs has been shown to have an impact on these pathogenic mechanisms. The efficacy of three of them, rituximab, ocrelizumab and ofatumumab in MS has been confirmed by placebo-controlled clinical trials demonstrating a significant reduction of the annualized relapsing rate (ARR), new gadolinium-enhancing (GdE) and T2 lesions. There have been no significant safety problems so far but the overall benefit to risk profile is still to be determined.
Expert commentary: After recent good results of these agents in MS therapy, questions related to maintenance therapy, markers of response and control of B cells values remain unanswered.
Declaration of interest
A. Garcia-Merino has received honoraria for lecturing, consulting or travel expenses from Bayer, Biogen-Idec, Merck, Teva, Novartis, Roche, Almirall and Genzyme, and research grants from Merck and Novartis. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.