Perampanel as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy for focal onset seizures, focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures and as adjunctive therapy of generalized onset tonic-clonic seizures

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Perampanel is an antiepileptic drug approved in the USA and Europe as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy for focal onset seizures and as adjunctive therapy for generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

Areas covered: This an overview of animal data, pharmacokinetics, and clinical data published on Perampanel indexed in PubMed.

Expert opinion: Pharmacological studies suggest that perampanel acts via noncompetitive antagonism of the ionotropic AMPA receptor of glutamate. The efficacy of perampanel has been shown in animal models of epilepsy and Phase II/III clinical trials. Efficacy and safety have been evaluated in the phase III trials of adjunctive treatment of focal epilepsy with median focal onset seizure reduction rates of 23% for 4 mg/d, 26–31% for 8 mg/day, and 18–35% for 12 mg/day. Fifty percent responder rates were 29% for 4 mg/day, 33–38% for 8 mg/day, and 34–36% for 12 mg/day. A pivotal Phase III trial in generalized onset tonic-clonic seizures showed a median seizure reduction by 76.5% (8 mg) versus 38.4% placebo and 50% seizure responder rate of 64.2% versus 30.9% placebo. Perampanel showed good safety and tolerability profile across 2–12 mg doses. Perampanel as a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug has a potential to be an alternative treatment of multiple types of epileptic seizures.

KEYWORDS:

• AMPA receptor antagonist
• anti-seizure drug
• adjunctive therapy
• monotherapy
• focal seizures
• generalized tonic-clonic seizures

Declaration of interest

M Brazdil has received speaker fees from Eisai. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Reviewer disclosures

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial relationships or otherwise to disclose.

Additional information

Funding

This paper was not funded.