Current status of COVID-19 vaccination: safety and liability concern for children, pregnant and lactating women

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Since its inception, Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has claimed a significant number of lives around the world.

Area covered

COVID-19 vaccine development involves several vaccine platforms, including traditional live-attenuated or killed viral particles, viral vectors or DNA, and mRNA-based vaccines. The efficacy and effectiveness (EV) of these vaccines must be assessed in order to determine the extent to which they can protect us against infection. Despite the fact that some affluent countries attempted to vaccinate the majority of their inhabitants, children and pregnant women were first excluded.

Expert opinion

While the severity of COVID-19 is less severe in children, the COVID-19-related complications are more severe.SARS-CoV-2 infection is also dangerous for pregnant women. The key to limiting disease spread is early discovery, isolation, and the development of safe and efficient vaccinations. As a result, the purpose of this study is to highlight the current development of various COVID-19 vaccine platforms for different groups of people at higher risk of COVID-19, with a special focus on children, pregnant and lactating women, as well as structural and pathogenicity elements of SARS CoV-2.

KEYWORDS:

• Multisystem inflammatory syndrome
• mRNA
• SARS-CoV-2
• ACE-2
• vaccine development

Funding

This paper was not funded

Article highlights

• The present review discusses the various approaches employed for development of vaccines against Covid-19.

• Various vaccines which have undergone clinical trials and vaccines in Clinical Trial Phase-3 and Phase-4 have been summarized along with their study design and outcome of their study.

• Vaccines exclusively used for pregnant and lactating mothers along with children have been discussed along with their bottlenecks.

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the support of all the staff and authorities of the College of Engineering and Technology, BBSR, NISER, BBSR, and Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, for their kind support.

Declaration of interest

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Reviewer disclosures

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

Authors contributions

H Thatoi conceptualized, and BC Behera, SK Das, and M Paul wrote the manuscript. All authors have substantially contributed to the manuscript’s conception and design, interpreted the relevant literature, and been involved in writing the review article or revising it for intellectual content.