Vertical jump performance is affected by the velocity and depth of the countermovement

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to explore the effect of the velocity and depth of the countermovement on vertical jump performance and the shape of the force-time curve. Seventeen university students performed two blocks of 18 countermovement jumps (CMJ) being instructed to jump for maximum height after performing the countermovement at a self-selected (SS-CMJ) or fast (F-CMJ) velocity. Each block consisted of six CMJ from a larger depth, six CMJ from a shorter depth, and six CMJ from a self-preferred depth. Mean and peak values of force, velocity and power, reactive strength index-modified (RSImod), jump height, and the shape of the force-time curve (unimodal or bimodal) were assessed. The F-CMJ provided a higher (mean and peak force, mean velocity, mean power, and RSImod) or comparable (peak power, peak velocity, and jump height) performance than the SS-CMJ. The shorter CMJ provided the highest values of mean and peak force, mean and peak power, and RSImod, while peak velocity and jump height were higher for the larger and self-preferred CMJ. The force-time curve was bimodal during the larger CMJ (100%) and unimodal during the shorter CMJ (65–88%). These results highlight that CMJ performance is influenced by the velocity and depth of the countermovement.

KEYWORDS:

• Jumping ability
• force-time curve
• movement strategy
• unimodal shape
• bimodal shape

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank all the participants who selflessly participated in the study. This study is part of a PhD Thesis conducted in the Biomedicine Doctoral Studies of the University of Granada, Spain.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport under a pre-doctoral grant (FPU15/03649) awarded to APC.